Nursing Elites

1. A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?

• A. Nephrotic syndrome
• B. Acute kidney injury
• C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
• D. Renal colic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.

2. Angelo, An 8 month old child is brought to the health care facility with sunken eyes. You pinch his skin and it goes back very slowly. In what classification of dehydration will you categorize Angelo?

• A. No Dehydration
• B. Some Dehydration
• C. Severe Dehydration
• D. Diarrhea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. What primarily determines the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein?

• A. Intake of fatty acids
• B. Gender
• C. Height
• D. Body weight

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein is primarily determined by an individual's body weight. This is because the body's protein requirement is proportionate to its size, which is generally reflected in the body weight. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: While factors such as fatty acid intake, gender, and height can influence an individual's overall nutritional needs, they do not directly determine the DRI for protein.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving parenteral nutrition. Which of the following findings indicates the therapy is effective?

• A. Client has soft, formed bowel movements.
• B. Client’s mucous membranes are pink.
• C. Client reports ability to complete ADLs.
• D. Client’s blood glucose level is within the expected reference range.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because having a blood glucose level within the expected reference range indicates that parenteral nutrition is effectively meeting the client's nutritional needs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because soft, formed bowel movements, pink mucous membranes, and the ability to complete activities of daily living do not directly reflect the effectiveness of parenteral nutrition therapy.

5. If a child has two or more pink signs, you would classify the child as having:

• A. No disease
• B. Mild form of disease
• C. Urgent Referral
• D. Very severe disease

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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