ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. When transitioning from intravenous to oral morphine, what would the nurse anticipate regarding the oral dose in comparison to the intravenous dose to achieve equianalgesia?
- A. Same as the intravenous dose
- B. Greater than the intravenous dose
- C. One half of the intravenous dose
- D. One fourth of the intravenous dose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When switching from intravenous to oral morphine, a higher oral dose is required to achieve equianalgesia due to significant metabolism from the first-pass effect. Choosing the same oral dose as the intravenous dose would provide less pain relief. Opting for a dose greater than the intravenous dose is necessary to achieve the same analgesic effect. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect.
2. The nurse is performing an oral examination on a preschool child. Which strategies should the nurse use to encourage the child to open the mouth for the examination? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Lightly brush the palate with a cotton swab
- B. Perform the examination in front of a mirror
- C. Let the child examine someone else's mouth first
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Using a cotton swab, allowing the child to observe, and demonstrating on someone else are effective ways to encourage a preschooler to open their mouth for examination.
3. The presence of which pair of factors is a good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% in an infant?
- A. Weight loss and decreased heart rate
- B. Capillary refill of less than 2 seconds and no tears
- C. Increased skin elasticity and sunken anterior fontanel
- D. Dry mucous membranes and generally ill appearance
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes and an ill appearance are good indicators of dehydration in infants, often correlating with a fluid deficit of at least 5%. Sunken fontanels and poor skin turgor are also indicative but were not options here.
4. Rectal temperatures are indicated in which situation?
- A. In the newborn period
- B. Whenever accuracy is essential
- C. Rectal temperatures are never indicated
- D. When rapid temperature changes are occurring
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rectal temperatures provide the most accurate measurement of core body temperature and are therefore indicated when accuracy is essential.
5. The nurse is preparing to give acetaminophen (Tylenol) to a child who has a fever. What nursing action is appropriate?
- A. Retake the temperature in 15 minutes after giving the Tylenol.
- B. Place a warm blanket on the child so chilling does not occur.
- C. Check to be sure the Tylenol dose does not exceed 15 mg/kg.
- D. Use cold compresses instead of Tylenol to control the fever.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ensuring the dose does not exceed 15 mg/kg is critical to avoid overdose and potential liver damage. Retaking the temperature immediately or using cold compresses is not necessary, and placing a warm blanket could exacerbate the fever.
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