ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. After a 7-year-old with acute diarrhea has been rehydrated with oral rehydration solutions, what type of diet should the nurse recommend following rehydration?
- A. Regular diet
- B. Fruit juices
- C. High carbohydrate diet
- D. BRAT diet (bananas, rice, apples, and toast or tea)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: After rehydration, a regular diet is generally recommended to ensure proper nutrition and recovery. A regular diet includes a balanced intake of all food groups and nutrients. Fruit juices may be too high in simple sugars and lack necessary nutrients, which can exacerbate diarrhea. While a high carbohydrate diet may be beneficial in some cases, a regular diet is more comprehensive. The BRAT diet, consisting of bananas, rice, apples, and toast or tea, was previously recommended for diarrhea, but it lacks adequate protein and fat, so a regular diet is now preferred for overall better nutrition and recovery.
2. Which drug is usually the best choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for a child in the immediate postoperative period?
- A. Codeine sulfate (Codeine)
- B. Morphine (Roxanol)
- C. Methadone (Dolophine)
- D. Meperidine (Demerol)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Morphine is the drug of choice for PCA in children because of its efficacy, safety profile, and rapid onset of action for pain management.
3. A newborn has been diagnosed with Hirschsprung’s disease. The parent asks the nurse about the symptoms that led to the diagnosis. Which symptoms should the nurse include in the response?
- A. Acute diarrhea and dehydration
- B. Current jelly-like stools and pain
- C. Failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension
- D. Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension. Hirschsprung’s disease is commonly diagnosed in newborns due to the failure to pass meconium within the first 24-48 hours after birth and abdominal distension, indicating a bowel obstruction. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the typical symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease. Acute diarrhea and dehydration, current jelly-like stools and pain, and projectile vomiting with altered electrolytes are not characteristic of this condition.
4. How is masturbation in the pre-school child viewed?
- A. Abnormal behavior that needs to be dealt with immediately
- B. Disruptive to the family
- C. Normal behavior that can best be dealt with by ignoring and providing distraction
- D. Embarrassing to the parents
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Masturbation in preschool children is a normal behavior as they explore their bodies. It is best viewed as a natural part of development. Parents are often advised to ignore it and provide distractions rather than making the child feel ashamed or embarrassed. Choice A is incorrect because it is a natural behavior and not considered abnormal in this context. Choice B is incorrect as it does not necessarily disrupt the family. Choice D is incorrect as the focus should be on the child's development and well-being, not on the parents' feelings of embarrassment.
5. The parents of a school-age child ask the nurse if she thinks that their child has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which statement regarding the child’s behavior at school is most indicative of ADHD?
- A. He finishes his work on time in order to go to recess.
- B. He occasionally gets into trouble for talking.
- C. He enjoys math but does not like reading.
- D. He cannot sit still in his seat and constantly moves his legs.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most indicative behavior of ADHD is the inability to sit still and constant movement, known as hyperactivity. This behavior is a hallmark symptom of ADHD, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C do not specifically reflect the characteristic hyperactivity associated with ADHD, making them less indicative of the disorder. While option B suggests impulsivity, it is not as specific to ADHD as the hyperactivity described in option D.
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