Nursing Elites

1. After a 7-year-old with acute diarrhea has been rehydrated with oral rehydration solutions, what type of diet should the nurse recommend following rehydration?

• A. Regular diet
• B. Fruit juices
• C. High carbohydrate diet
• D. BRAT diet (bananas, rice, apples, and toast or tea)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: After rehydration, a regular diet is generally recommended to ensure proper nutrition and recovery. A regular diet includes a balanced intake of all food groups and nutrients. Fruit juices may be too high in simple sugars and lack necessary nutrients, which can exacerbate diarrhea. While a high carbohydrate diet may be beneficial in some cases, a regular diet is more comprehensive. The BRAT diet, consisting of bananas, rice, apples, and toast or tea, was previously recommended for diarrhea, but it lacks adequate protein and fat, so a regular diet is now preferred for overall better nutrition and recovery.

2. Which electrolyte imbalance is a common concern in children with severe diarrhea?

• A. Hypernatremia
• B. Hypokalemia
• C. Hypercalcemia
• D. Hypomagnesemia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypokalemia is the correct answer because it is a common concern in children with severe diarrhea. Diarrhea can lead to significant potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. Hypernatremia (Choice A) is less common in diarrhea as sodium concentration is usually diluted by the fluid loss. Hypercalcemia (Choice C) is not typically associated with severe diarrhea. Hypomagnesemia (Choice D) can occur but is not as common as hypokalemia in this scenario.

3. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?

• A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool-aged
• B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures
• C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications
• D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Allowing the child to make choices, such as selecting the type of juice, helps to maintain a sense of control and reduce anxiety, ensuring atraumatic care.

4. The nurse is seeing an adolescent and the parents in the clinic for the first time. Which should the nurse do first?

• A. Introduce him- or herself
• B. Make the family comfortable
• C. Give assurance of privacy
• D. Explain the purpose of the interview

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Introducing oneself is the first step in establishing a rapport and setting a professional tone for the interaction.

5. What is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants?

• A. Dry cough
• B. Wheezing
• C. Stridor
• D. Productive cough

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wheezing. Wheezing is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants, typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Bronchiolitis is characterized by inflammation and mucus buildup in the small airways of the lungs, leading to wheezing sounds during breathing. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dry cough, stridor, and productive cough are not typical features of bronchiolitis in infants.

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