ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. The educator is teaching about the process of physical growth and development. Which of these describes the directional pattern from head to tail?
- A. Cephalodistal
- B. Cephalocaudal
- C. Proximodistal
- D. Proximocaudal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cephalocaudal development is the correct term that describes the directional pattern of growth from head to tail. This means that the head and upper body parts develop before the lower parts. Choice A, 'Cephalodistal,' refers to growth from the center of the body outward, not head to tail. Choice C, 'Proximodistal,' describes growth from the center of the body towards the extremities, not specifically from head to tail. Choice D, 'Proximocaudal,' is not a recognized term in the context of physical growth and development.
2. A young mother asks if her 9-month-old can begin drinking cow’s milk instead of formula. You explain that:
- A. Cow’s milk is easier to digest than formula
- B. Breast milk or formula should be used for now because whole cow’s milk is not recommended for infants under 1 year
- C. As long as whole milk is given and not skim milk, it is okay
- D. Cow’s milk will decrease the chance of iron deficiency anemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be used for now because whole cow’s milk is not recommended for infants under 1 year. Cow’s milk is not suitable for infants under 1 year of age as it lacks essential nutrients like iron and can lead to iron deficiency. Therefore, it is important to continue with breast milk or formula to ensure the baby's nutritional needs are met. Choice A is incorrect as cow’s milk is not easier to digest than formula for infants. Choice C is incorrect as the type of milk, whether whole or skim, is not the primary concern at this age. Choice D is incorrect as cow’s milk can actually increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia in infants.
3. The parents of a school-age child ask the nurse if she thinks that their child has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which statement regarding the child’s behavior at school is most indicative of ADHD?
- A. He finishes his work on time in order to go to recess.
- B. He occasionally gets into trouble for talking.
- C. He enjoys math but does not like reading.
- D. He cannot sit still in his seat and constantly moves his legs.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most indicative behavior of ADHD is the inability to sit still and constant movement, known as hyperactivity. This behavior is a hallmark symptom of ADHD, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C do not specifically reflect the characteristic hyperactivity associated with ADHD, making them less indicative of the disorder. While option B suggests impulsivity, it is not as specific to ADHD as the hyperactivity described in option D.
4. A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show?
- A. Bacteriuria and hematuria
- B. Hematuria and proteinuria
- C. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity
- D. Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria (protein in the urine) are common findings in acute glomerulonephritis due to inflammation of the glomeruli. Bacteriuria and changes in specific gravity are not as directly associated with this condition.
5. The parent asks when the soft area in the infant's head will go away. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. The area is called the anterior fontanel (fontanelle) and typically closes anytime up to 18 months of age.
- B. The area is called a fontanel (fontanelle). They remain open to allow for rapid brain growth in the first months of life.
- C. The soft spots may stay open until your infant is 2 or 3 years old.
- D. Soft spots on the infant's head should have closed by now.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The best response by the nurse is A, as the anterior fontanel typically closes between 12-18 months of age, allowing for brain growth during infancy. Choice B is incorrect because it does not provide a specific timeframe for the closure of the fontanel. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a later closure timeframe than usual. Choice D is incorrect as it states that the soft spots should have closed already, which is inaccurate for a 6-month-old infant.
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