a 50 year old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy what would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy

ATI RN

Oncology Questions

1. A 50-year-old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?

A. Administer an antiemetic.
B. Administer an antimetabolite.
C. Administer a tumor antibiotic.
D. Administer an anticoagulant.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer an antiemetic. Chemotherapy commonly causes nausea and vomiting as adverse effects. Antiemetics are medications specifically used to prevent or treat these symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because administering an antimetabolite, a tumor antibiotic, or an anticoagulant would not directly address the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy, which are nausea and vomiting.

2. A patient with advanced leukemia is responding poorly to treatment. The nurse finds the patient tearful and trying to express his feelings, but he is clearly having difficulty. What is the nurses most appropriate action?

A. Tell him that you will give him privacy and leave the room.
B. Offer to call pastoral care.
C. Ask if he would like you to sit with him while he collects his thoughts.
D. Tell him that you can understand how hes feeling.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Providing emotional support and discussing the uncertain future are crucial.

3. The nurse is caring for a patient who has just been given a 6-month prognosis following a diagnosis of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. The patient states that he would like to die at home, but the team believes that the patient's care needs are unable to be met in a home environment. What might you suggest as an alternative?

A. Discuss a referral for rehabilitation hospital.
B. Panel the patient for a personal care home.
C. Discuss a referral for acute care.
D. Discuss a referral for hospice care.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate alternative to address the patient's desire to die at home while ensuring proper care is hospice care. Hospice care is specifically designed to provide support to patients and families in situations where the patient's needs cannot be met at home. Rehabilitation hospital (Choice A), personal care home (Choice B), and acute care (Choice C) are not the most suitable options in this case as they do not focus on end-of-life care and support like hospice care does.

4. Which of the following descriptions of chemotherapy is correct?

A. Chemotherapy is externally given through high energy waves
B. Chemotherapy is known to have fatigue as a common side effect
C. Chemotherapy spreads throughout the body
D. Chemotherapy attacks cancer cells only

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chemotherapy drugs are typically administered systemically, meaning they circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream. This allows them to target cancer cells that may have spread beyond the original tumor site, making chemotherapy an effective treatment for cancers that are metastatic (have spread to other parts of the body). However, because chemotherapy is not selective, it can also affect healthy cells that divide rapidly, leading to a range of side effects.

5. A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is receiving information from the oncology nurse. The patient asks the nurse why she should stop drinking and smoking and stay out of the sun. What would be the nurse's best response?

A. Everyone should do these things because they are health promotion activities that apply to everyone.
B. You don't want to develop a second cancer, do you?
C. You need to do this just to be on the safe side.
D. It's important to reduce other factors that increase the risk of second cancers.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should encourage patients to reduce other factors that increase the risk of developing second cancers, such as the use of tobacco and alcohol and exposure to environmental carcinogens and excessive sunlight. Choice A is too general and does not address the specific concerns of a cancer patient. Choice B uses fear tactics, which may not be the most effective approach. Choice C is vague and does not provide a clear rationale for the behavior change, unlike Choice D which specifically links the behaviors to reducing the risk of second cancers.