Nursing Elites

1. A 29 y.o. patient has an acute episode of ulcerative colitis. What diagnostic test confirms this diagnosis?

• A. Barium Swallow.
• B. Stool examination.
• C. Gastric analysis.
• D. Sigmoidoscopy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sigmoidoscopy is the diagnostic test that confirms the diagnosis of an acute episode of ulcerative colitis.

2. Which goal of the client’s care should take priority during the first days of hospitalization for an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis?

• A. Promoting self-care and independence
• B. Managing diarrhea
• C. Maintaining adequate nutrition
• D. Promoting rest and comfort

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Managing diarrhea should take priority during the first days of hospitalization for an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.

3. Which of the following symptoms would a client in the early stages of peritonitis exhibit?

• A. Abdominal distention
• B. Abdominal pain and rigidity
• C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
• D. Right upper quadrant pain

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the early stages of peritonitis, the client would exhibit abdominal pain and rigidity due to inflammation.

4. When teaching an elderly client how to prevent constipation, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Drink 6 glasses of fluid each day.
• B. Avoid grain products and nuts.
• C. Add at least 4 grams of brain to your cereal each morning.
• D. Be sure to get regular exercise.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To prevent constipation, elderly clients should be encouraged to get regular exercise, which promotes bowel motility.

5. Lactulose (Chronulac) is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse would determine that this medication has had a therapeutic effect if which of the following is noted?

• A. Increased red blood cell count
• B. Decreased serum ammonia level
• C. Increased protein level
• D. Decreased white blood cell level

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lactulose is prescribed for the client with hepatic encephalopathy to reduce bacterial breakdown of protein in the bowel. The medication creates an acidic environment in the bowel and causes the ammonia to leave the bloodstream and enter the colon. Ammonia then becomes trapped in the bowel. Lactulose also has a laxative effect that allows for the elimination of the ammonia.

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