which situations are classified as natural disasters

ATI RN

ATI RN Custom Exams Set 4

1. Which situations are classified as natural disasters?

A. Blizzards
B. A, C
C. Volcanic eruptions
D. Structural collapse

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Blizzards and volcanic eruptions are both examples of natural disasters caused by natural forces such as extreme weather conditions and tectonic activities. On the other hand, structural collapse is typically a result of man-made factors like poor construction or maintenance. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as only blizzards and volcanic eruptions are classified as natural disasters.

2. Who typically collects blood specimens?

A. The nurse
B. Medical technologist
C. Physician
D. Phlebotomist

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nurses typically collect blood specimens from patients as part of their everyday duties in medical settings. They are trained in venipuncture techniques and are responsible for ensuring that blood samples are properly obtained and labeled for diagnostic testing. Medical technologists process and analyze the blood specimens in the laboratory under the direction of a physician. Physicians are not commonly involved in the direct collection of blood specimens. While phlebotomists are specialized professionals trained to draw blood, in many medical settings, nurses perform this task as part of their responsibilities.

3. The nurse in the pediatric clinic performs a physical assessment of a 13-year-old boy. Which of the following findings by the nurse requires immediate intervention?

A. The adolescent complains of his scrotum aching after exercise. The nurse palpates a worm-like mass above the testes.
B. The nurse noted unilateral breast enlargement.
C. The child’s scrotum appears swollen, and a soft mass is palpated. The nurse is unable to insert a finger above the mass.
D. The child’s scrotum appears enlarged and red. The nurse palpated a thickened and swollen spermatic cord.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is the correct answer because a swollen and thickened spermatic cord could indicate testicular torsion, which is a surgical emergency. Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. This condition requires immediate intervention to prevent testicular damage. Choices A, B, and C do not present findings that suggest a surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention.

4. The nurse has given post-procedure instructions to a client who underwent a colonoscopy. Evaluation of learning would be evident if the client makes which statement(s)?

A. All of the above
B. “My abdominal muscles may be tender because of the procedure.”
C. “My diet should be light at first, and then I can progress to a regular diet.”
D. “It is normal to feel gassy or bloated for a short while after the procedure.”

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "All of the above." Evaluation of learning after a colonoscopy would be evident if the client mentions all the statements provided. Mild tenderness in the abdominal muscles, starting with a light diet and progressing to a regular diet, and experiencing gas or bloating temporarily are all expected after a colonoscopy. Therefore, all the statements are correct in demonstrating the client's understanding of the post-procedure instructions. Choices B, C, and D provide accurate information about the expected outcomes following a colonoscopy, making them incorrect answers individually but correct when combined as option A.

5. The nurse is analyzing laboratory values for the assigned clients. Which finding, based on the client's medical history, indicates the need for immediate follow-up?

A. Client with chronic kidney disease and serum creatinine of 1.6 mg/dL
B. Client with diabetes mellitus and a glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) of 7.0%
C. Client with heart failure and a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 140 pg/mL
D. Client who is male and has anemia with hemoglobin of 16.5 g/dL and hematocrit of 45%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An HbA1c of 7.0% in a client with diabetes mellitus indicates poor long-term glucose control, necessitating immediate follow-up. Elevated HbA1c levels suggest a higher average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months, increasing the risk of complications associated with diabetes. Choices A, C, and D do not require immediate follow-up based solely on the provided information. A serum creatinine of 1.6 mg/dL in a client with chronic kidney disease, a BNP of 140 pg/mL in a client with heart failure, and hemoglobin of 16.5 g/dL and hematocrit of 45% in a male client with anemia are within acceptable ranges or do not indicate an urgent need for intervention.