ATI RN
ATI RN Custom Exams Set 2
1. The client has recently been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which intervention should the nurse teach the client to reduce symptoms?
- A. Instruct the client to avoid drinking fluids with meals
- B. Explain the need to decrease intake of flatus-forming foods
- C. Teach the client how to perform gentle perianal care
- D. Encourage the client to see a psychologist
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Decreasing the intake of flatus-forming foods can help reduce symptoms of bloating and discomfort in IBS. This intervention focuses on dietary modifications that can positively impact the client's condition. Instructing the client to avoid drinking fluids with meals (choice A) may not directly address the underlying cause of IBS symptoms. Teaching perianal care (choice C) is important for hygiene but does not directly address IBS symptoms. Encouraging the client to see a psychologist (choice D) may be beneficial for managing stress or anxiety associated with IBS but does not directly target symptom reduction through dietary changes.
2. During the admission interview, which question should the nurse ask the male client diagnosed with aorto-iliac disease?
- A. “Do you have trouble sitting for long periods of time?”
- B. “How often do you have a bowel movement and urinate?”
- C. “When you lie down do you feel throbbing in your abdomen?”
- D. “Have you experienced any problems having sexual intercourse?”
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct question for the nurse to ask the male client diagnosed with aorto-iliac disease during the admission interview is about any problems experienced during sexual intercourse. Aorto-iliac disease can lead to impaired blood flow to the pelvis and lower extremities, affecting sexual function. Therefore, it is essential to assess the client's sexual health in such cases. The other options, such as sitting for long periods of time, bowel movements and urination frequency, and throbbing sensation when lying down, are not directly related to the potential impact of aorto-iliac disease on sexual function. Hence, they are not the most pertinent questions to ask during the admission interview.
3. Before administering an MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine to a 15-month-old, which question should the nurse ask the mother of the child?
- A. “Has your child had any sore throats?”
- B. “Has your child been eating properly?”
- C. “Is your child allergic to any antibiotics?”
- D. “Has your child been exposed to any infections?”
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct question the nurse should ask the mother before administering an MMR vaccine to a 15-month-old is whether the child is allergic to any antibiotics. This is crucial because vaccines like MMR contain components that the child could be allergic to, such as neomycin. Checking for antibiotic allergies is essential to prevent adverse reactions to the vaccine. The other options are less relevant in this context. Asking about sore throats, eating habits, or exposure to infections does not directly impact the administration of the MMR vaccine.
4. The nurse is teaching a community class to people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which explanation would explain the development of Type 2 diabetes?
- A. The islet cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin
- B. The client eats too many foods that are high in sugar
- C. The pituitary gland does not produce vasopressin
- D. The cells become resistant to the circulating insulin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In Type 2 diabetes, the primary issue is insulin resistance, where cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Choice A is incorrect because in Type 1 diabetes, the islet cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin. Choice B is not directly related to the development of Type 2 diabetes but rather to its management. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a dysfunction in vasopressin production, which is not related to Type 2 diabetes.
5. Which potential complication should the nurse assess for in the client with infective endocarditis who has embolization of vegetative lesions from the mitral valve?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Decreased urine output
- C. Hemoptysis
- D. Deep vein thrombosis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased urine output. When vegetative lesions from the mitral valve embolize, they can block blood flow to the kidneys, leading to renal infarction. This can result in decreased urine output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Pulmonary embolism involves a blockage of an artery in the lungs, not directly related to embolization from the mitral valve. Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood from the respiratory tract, which is not a direct consequence of embolization from the mitral valve. Deep vein thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, unrelated to embolization from the mitral valve.
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