increases tenfold from the twentieth week until birth

ATI RN

Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers

1. __________ increases tenfold from the twentieth week until birth.

A. Amniotic fluid
B. Brain weight
C. Fetal length
D. Neuron production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Brain weight increases tenfold from the twentieth week until birth. This rapid growth and development of the brain during the prenatal period is crucial for setting the foundation for future cognitive and neurological functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because although they also undergo changes during prenatal development, none of them increase tenfold from the twentieth week until birth, unlike brain weight.

2. Chinara is Rh-negative and Savon, her first child, is Rh-positive. Chinara's doctor will probably __________.

A. give Savon a vaccine to prevent heart damage and intellectual disabilities
B. advise Chinara not to have another child due to Rh incompatibility
C. give Chinara a vaccine to prevent the buildup of antibodies to the foreign Rh protein
D. do nothing because firstborn children are not affected by Rh incompatibility

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chinara is Rh-negative and Savon, her first child, is Rh-positive. This presents a risk of Rh incompatibility in future pregnancies. To prevent the buildup of antibodies to the foreign Rh protein and protect future pregnancies, Chinara's doctor will likely give her a vaccine known as RhoGAM to prevent her immune system from reacting to Rh-positive blood cells. This vaccine helps to minimize the risks of complications in subsequent pregnancies. Choice A is incorrect because the vaccine is given to the mother, not the child. Choice B is incorrect as advising against having more children is not a typical response when preventive measures are available. Choice D is incorrect because all subsequent pregnancies are at risk of Rh incompatibility, not just the firstborn child.

3. A theory of development __________.

A. illustrates the ultimate truth about human behavior
B. describes, explains, and predicts behavior
C. explains all aspects of human growth
D. does not require scientific verification

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A theory of development describes, explains, and predicts behavior. It provides a framework for understanding how individuals grow and change over time. The purpose of a theory is not to illustrate ultimate truth or explain all aspects of human growth, but rather to help researchers and practitioners make sense of and predict human behavior. Theories are expected to be tested and refined through scientific verification. Choice A is incorrect because theories do not necessarily illustrate ultimate truth. Choice C is incorrect as theories focus on behavior and development, not all aspects of human growth. Choice D is incorrect because scientific verification is essential for theories to be valid and reliable.

4. Dr. Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. Which conclusion is supported by this study?

A. The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.
B. The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.
C. A decline in a surviving partner's physical health can cause the death of a spouse.
D. A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partner's decline in physical health following the death of a spouse.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Dias's research findings indicate a correlation between the death of a spouse and a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. This correlation suggests a relationship between the two variables, but it does not necessarily imply a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Therefore, the correct conclusion supported by this study is option B - 'The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.' Option A is too direct in its causation claim, which is not proven by correlation alone. Option C reverses the cause and effect relationship suggested by the research. Option D introduces an unrelated third variable, which is not supported by the study's findings.

5. In ecological systems theory, how does Toby's move just before entering fourth grade represent a significant change in his life?

A. Microsystem
B. Mesosystem
C. Exosystem
D. Chronosystem

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In ecological systems theory, the chronosystem refers to the dimension of time and how events and transitions over time can influence an individual's development. Toby's move just before entering fourth grade represents a significant change in his life that falls under the chronosystem. The microsystem involves the immediate environments and relationships that directly influence an individual, the mesosystem relates to connections between these environments, and the exosystem includes external settings that indirectly influence the individual, such as parents' workplaces. Therefore, Toby's move best exemplifies a change in the chronosystem due to the temporal influence on his development.