a nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for simvastatin which of the following instructions should the nurse include

ATI RN

ATI Pharmacology

1. A healthcare provider is educating a client who has a new prescription for Simvastatin. Which of the following instructions should the healthcare provider include?

A. Take this medication with food.
B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
C. Take this medication in the morning.
D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction that the healthcare provider should include is to 'Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.' Grapefruit juice can increase the blood levels of Simvastatin, leading to potential side effects like muscle pain and liver damage. Instructing the client to avoid grapefruit juice helps prevent these adverse effects and ensures the medication's efficacy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking Simvastatin with food, at a specific time, or increasing potassium-rich foods intake are not essential instructions for this medication.

2. A client is receiving discharge instructions for a new prescription of Enoxaparin. Which of the following instructions should the provider include?

A. Inject the medication into the muscle.
B. Massage the injection site after administration.
C. Rotate injection sites between the arms and thighs.
D. Administer the medication in the abdomen.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer the medication in the abdomen. Enoxaparin is administered as a subcutaneous injection in the abdomen to prevent bleeding complications. Injecting into the muscle or massaging the site can increase the risk of bleeding. Rotating sites between the arms and thighs is not recommended for Enoxaparin administration due to variations in absorption rates. Therefore, the provider should instruct the client to administer Enoxaparin in the abdomen for optimal effectiveness and safety.

3. Which of the following conditions is not treated with Nifedipine?

A. Angina
B. Arrhythmias
C. Hypertension
D. Fluid retention

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker primarily used in the management of angina and hypertension. It is not typically used to treat arrhythmias or fluid retention. Angina is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, and hypertension is high blood pressure. Therefore, fluid retention is the condition that is not treated with Nifedipine.

4. A client has a new prescription for Timolol. How should the nurse instruct the client to insert eye drops?

A. Press your finger on the inside corner of your eye for 1 minute after application.
B. Apply the eye drops directly to the cornea.
C. Drop the prescribed amount of medication into the center of the conjunctival sac.
D. Wipe your eyes gently with a tissue immediately after application.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When administering eye drops, it is essential to instruct the client to drop the prescribed amount of medication into the center of the conjunctival sac. This technique helps ensure proper distribution of the medication and reduces the risk of potential adverse effects. Pressing on the inside corner of the eye is done to prevent systemic absorption, applying drops directly to the cornea can cause irritation, and wiping the eyes after application can lead to decreased effectiveness of the medication.

5. What is pharmacodynamics?

A. The medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis
B. The drug's actions at receptor sites and the physiological, chemical, and behavioral effects produced by these actions
C. The maximum response that a drug can produce
D. Movements of the drugs throughout the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacodynamics refers to the drug's actions at receptor sites and the physiological, chemical, and behavioral effects produced by these actions. It involves understanding how drugs interact with the body at the molecular level to produce their effects, including mechanisms of action, receptor binding, and downstream physiological responses. Choice A is incorrect because it describes pharmacopeia, which is a reference book containing standards for drugs. Choice C refers to efficacy, which is the maximum effect a drug can produce. Choice D describes pharmacokinetics, which focuses on the movement of drugs within the body.