a nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release for which potential complications should the

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release. For which potential complications should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.)

A. Urine output of 25 mL/hr
B. Serum potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L
C. Blood osmolality of 250 mOsm/L
D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood values: pH 7.12, PaO2 56 mm Hg, PaCO2 65 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which clinical situation should the nurse correlate with these values?

A. . Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person with emphysema
B. Bronchial obstruction related to aspiration of a hot dog
C. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation in an adolescen
D. Diarrhea for 36 hours in an older, frail woman

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. While assessing a clients peripheral IV site, the nurse observes a streak of red along the vein path and palpates a 4-cm venous cord. How should the nurse document this finding?

A. Grade 3 phlebitis at IV site
B. infection at IV site
C. Thrombosed area at IV site
D. infiltration at IV site

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

4. Which hormones increase the amount of water in the body?

A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANH
D. ADH and aldosterone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, ADH and aldosterone. Both antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone increase water retention by the kidneys, thereby increasing blood volume. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, while aldosterone acts on the kidneys to promote sodium reabsorption, leading to water retention. Choice A, ADH, is partially correct as it alone increases water retention. Choice B, aldosterone, is also partially correct as it alone increases water retention. Choice C, ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone), actually decreases water retention by promoting sodium excretion and inhibiting aldosterone release.

5. What is the main water-holding force in the blood capillaries?

A. Capillary blood pressure
B. Sodium in the blood plasma
C. Protein in the blood plasma
D. Chloride in the blood plasma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein in the blood plasma. Plasma proteins, especially albumin, create oncotic pressure, which is the main force responsible for holding water within the blood capillaries. Capillary blood pressure (Choice A) is involved in pushing blood through the capillaries, while sodium and chloride in the blood plasma (Choices B and D) are electrolytes and do not play a significant role in the water-holding force within capillaries.