a nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release for which potential complications should the

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release. For which potential complications should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.)

A. Urine output of 25 mL/hr
B. Serum potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L
C. Blood osmolality of 250 mOsm/L
D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

2. The nurse who assesses the patient's peripheral IV site and notes edema around the insertion site will document which complication related to IV therapy?

A. Air emboli
B. Phlebitis
C. Infiltration
D. Fluid overload

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infiltration is the administration of non-vesicant solution or medication into the surrounding tissue. This can occur when the IV cannula dislodges or perforates the vein's wall. Infiltration is characterized by edema around the insertion site, leakage of IV fluid from the insertion site, discomfort, and coolness in the area of infiltration, and a significant decrease in the flow rate. Air emboli (Choice A) involves air entering the bloodstream. Phlebitis (Choice B) is inflammation of a vein. Fluid overload (Choice D) is an excessive volume of fluid in the circulatory system.

3. Electrolytes:

A. do not form when glucose is added to water.
B. dissociate in water solutions, but do not form ions.
C. form ions in water solutions, but do not necessarily dissociate.
D. dissociate in water solutions and form ions in water solutions.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. Choice A is incorrect because glucose does not form electrolytes when added to water. Choice B is incorrect as it states that electrolytes dissociate but do not form ions, which is inaccurate as electrolytes do form ions in water solutions. Choice C is also incorrect as it states that electrolytes form ions but may not necessarily dissociate, which goes against the definition of electrolytes that must dissociate into ions for conductivity. Therefore, choice D is the most accurate as it correctly describes that electrolytes dissociate in water solutions and form ions, highlighting the essential characteristics of electrolytes.

4. You are the nurse caring for a 77-year-old male patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You and your colleague note that the patients labs indicate minimally elevated serum creatinine levels, which your colleague dismisses. What can this increase in creatinine indicate in older adults?

A. Substantially reduced renal function
B. Acute kidney injury
C. Decreased cardiac output
D. ) Alterations in ratio of body fluids to muscle mass

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

5. Which mineral is important in hemoglobin production?

A. Sodium
B. Iodine
C. Iron
D. Chloride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Iron (Fe) is a critical mineral in hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is essential for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Sodium (Choice A), Iodine (Choice B), and Chloride (Choice D) are not directly involved in hemoglobin production. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, and Chloride is an electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and acidity in the body.