Nursing Elites

1. You are called to your patients room by a family member who voices concern about the patients status. On assessment, you find the patient tachypnic, lethargic, weak, and exhibiting a diminished cognitive ability. You also find 3+ pitting edema. What electrolyte imbalance is the most plausible cause of this patients signs and symptoms?

• A. Hypocalcemia
• B. Hyponatremia
• C. Hyperchloremia
• D. Hypophosphatemia

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

2. A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release. For which potential complications should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Urine output of 25 mL/hr
• B. Serum potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L
• C. Blood osmolality of 250 mOsm/L
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. Electrolytes:

• A. do not form when glucose is added to water.
• B. dissociate in water solutions, but do not form ions.
• C. form ions in water solutions, but do not necessarily dissociate.
• D. dissociate in water solutions and form ions in water solutions.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. Choice A is incorrect because glucose does not form electrolytes when added to water. Choice B is incorrect as it states that electrolytes dissociate but do not form ions, which is inaccurate as electrolytes do form ions in water solutions. Choice C is also incorrect as it states that electrolytes form ions but may not necessarily dissociate, which goes against the definition of electrolytes that must dissociate into ions for conductivity. Therefore, choice D is the most accurate as it correctly describes that electrolytes dissociate in water solutions and form ions, highlighting the essential characteristics of electrolytes.

4. Which of the following organs does not contribute to fluid output from the body?

• A. Lungs
• B. Skin
• C. Intestine
• D. Lungs, skin, and intestine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. All the listed organs (lungs, skin, and intestines) contribute to fluid loss from the body. Lungs contribute to fluid loss through respiration, skin through sweating, and intestines through excretion. Therefore, none of the organs listed in the options retain fluids within the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because all of these organs play a role in fluid output from the body.

5. A nurse is planning care for a client who is hyperventilating. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.30, PaO2 94 mm Hg, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 26 mEq/L. Which question should the nurse ask when developing this clients plan of care?

• A. Do you take any over-the-counter medications?
• B. You appear anxious. What is causing your distress?
• C. Do you have a history of anxiety attacks?
• D. You are breathing fast. Is this causing you to feel light-headed?

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

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