ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. Which term best describes the sharing of common characteristics that differentiate one group from other groups in a society?
- A. Race
- B. Culture
- C. Ethnicity
- D. Superiority
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ethnicity refers to the shared characteristics such as nationality, culture, language, and beliefs that differentiate one group from another.
2. Using knowledge of child development, what approach is best when preparing a toddler for a procedure?
- A. Avoid asking the child to make choices.
- B. Plan for a teaching session to last about 20 minutes.
- C. Demonstrate on a doll how the procedure will be done.
- D. Show the necessary equipment without allowing child to handle it.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Demonstrating on a doll helps the toddler understand what will happen in a non-threatening way, making the procedure less intimidating. Long teaching sessions or avoiding choices can increase anxiety.
3. The mother of a 6-year-old boy who has recently had surgery for the removal of his tonsils and adenoids complains that he has begun sucking his thumb again. Which defense mechanism should the nurse include when responding to the mother?
- A. Repression
- B. Regression
- C. Rationalization
- D. Fantasy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regression. Regression is a common defense mechanism where a child reverts to an earlier stage of development, such as thumb-sucking, to cope with stress. In this scenario, the 6-year-old boy is using thumb-sucking (a behavior typical of earlier developmental stages) as a way to deal with the stress of surgery. Repression (choice A) involves unconsciously blocking out thoughts or feelings, which is not applicable in this case. Rationalization (choice C) is a defense mechanism where illogical or unreasonable explanations are provided to justify behavior, which is not relevant here. Fantasy (choice D) refers to the use of imagination to escape from reality, which is also not the appropriate defense mechanism for the situation described.
4. What statement best describes Hirschsprung disease?
- A. The colon has an aganglionic segment.
- B. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gas.
- C. The neonate passes excessive amounts of meconium.
- D. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and obstruction. The other options do not accurately describe this condition.
5. What is the first sign of puberty in girls?
- A. Acne
- B. Hair growth in the pubic area and underarms
- C. Thelarche
- D. Menarche
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Thelarche. Thelarche refers to the onset of breast development, which is typically the first sign of puberty in girls. This occurs before menarche (the first menstrual period). Choices A and B, acne and hair growth in the pubic area and underarms, are not the first signs of puberty in girls. While acne can be a common occurrence during puberty, it usually appears after other physical changes. Hair growth in the pubic area and underarms also occurs later in the puberty process.
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