Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a trait that was found to be common among leaders in trait theory?

• A. Communication of duties assigned
• B. Adaptability and changing priorities
• C. Order giving and decision making for a group
• D. Communication of goal direction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Communication of goal direction.' Trait theory suggests that effective leaders possess certain traits, one of which is the ability to clearly communicate the direction and goals of the group. This trait helps in aligning the efforts of the team towards a common objective. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while communication, adaptability, decision-making, and order giving are important skills for leaders, the specific trait commonly associated with leaders in trait theory is the ability to communicate the direction and goals.

2. Recent polls have placed nursing as one of the most trusted professions because of which of the following?

• A. Nurses engage in lifelong learning.
• B. Nurses abide by a dress code.
• C. Nurses have the skills needed to care for diverse populations.
• D. Nurses must pass the NCLEX in order to obtain a license to practice.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Recent polls have identified nursing as one of the most trusted professions due to nurses possessing the necessary skills to provide care for diverse populations. This includes understanding and addressing the unique needs of individuals from various backgrounds and cultures. Choice A is incorrect because while nurses do engage in lifelong learning, this is not the primary reason for their trustworthiness. Choice B is also incorrect as abiding by a dress code does not directly contribute to the trust placed in nurses. Choice D is incorrect because passing the NCLEX exam is a regulatory requirement for obtaining a license and does not solely determine the trustworthiness of nurses in the eyes of the public.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative. When the nurse prepares to change the client's dressing, they say, 'Every time you change my bandage, it hurts so much.' Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority action?

• A. Encourage the client to relax and take deep breaths during the dressing change
• B. Educate the client about the importance of the dressing change to prevent infection
• C. Administer pain medication 45 minutes before changing the client's dressing
• D. Assist the client to a comfortable position for the dressing change

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer pain medication 45 minutes before changing the client's dressing. This intervention is the priority action because the client is experiencing pain during the dressing change. Providing pain relief beforehand can help minimize the discomfort and improve the overall experience for the client. Encouraging relaxation techniques (choice A) or educating about dressing change importance (choice B) are valuable but addressing pain is the priority. Assisting the client to a comfortable position (choice D) is essential for the procedure but does not directly address the client's pain.

4. What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP)?

• A. Reduce healthcare costs
• B. Improve patient outcomes
• C. Enhance clinical decision making
• D. Ensure patient safety

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP) is to enhance clinical decision making by integrating the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. While improving patient outcomes is a significant result of EBP, the ultimate aim is to ensure that healthcare decisions are based on the most current, relevant, and reliable evidence. While reducing healthcare costs and ensuring patient safety are important in healthcare, they are not the primary goals of evidence-based practice.

5. A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to

• A. check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming.
• B. delay eating the noon meal until after swimming.
• C. increase the morning dose of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin.
• D. time the morning insulin injection so that the peak occurs while swimming.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to teach the patient to check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming. This is important to monitor blood sugar levels and make adjustments as needed to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Delaying eating the noon meal until after swimming (Choice B) is not advisable as the patient needs proper nutrition both before and after exercise. Increasing the morning dose of NPH insulin (Choice C) should not be done without proper medical advice as it can lead to hypoglycemia. Timing the morning insulin injection to coincide with swimming (Choice D) is risky as the peak effect of insulin may lead to hypoglycemia during swimming.

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