Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following describes the concept of ratification?

• A. Contract administration
• B. Contract passage
• C. Contract denial
• D. Contract reorganization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Contract passage.' Ratification refers to the approval or confirmation of a contract by a simple majority of members who vote to pass it. Choice A, 'Contract administration,' does not accurately describe ratification as it focuses more on the management of contracts rather than their approval. Choice C, 'Contract denial,' is incorrect as ratification implies acceptance or approval, not denial. Choice D, 'Contract reorganization,' is also incorrect as ratification does not involve restructuring or reorganizing a contract, but rather confirming its validity.

2. Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that could influence decision-making in nursing?

• A. Personal preferences
• B. Ethical considerations
• C. Availability of resources
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Environmental factors encompass a wide range of influences on decision-making in nursing. Personal preferences can impact how a nurse chooses a course of action, ethical considerations guide decision-making based on moral principles, and the availability of resources determines the options that are feasible. Therefore, all of these factors play a significant role in influencing decision-making in nursing. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually represents a specific environmental factor, whereas the correct answer D acknowledges that all of these factors collectively contribute to influencing decision-making.

3. What is the major difference between managers and leaders?

• A. Leaders usually have legitimate power.
• B. Leaders do not necessarily make good managers.
• C. Managers are not always leaders.
• D. Managers always have legitimate power.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The major difference between managers and leaders is that managers always have legitimate power. This is because managers derive their authority from their position within an organization, giving them legitimate power over subordinates. On the other hand, leaders do not always have legitimate power; their influence may come from various sources such as expertise, charisma, or the ability to inspire others. Choice A is incorrect because not all leaders necessarily have legitimate power. Choice B is incorrect as it is a generalization that leaders do not make good managers, which is not always the case. Choice C is incorrect as there can be managers who are also effective leaders.

4. A staff nurse is working with a patient who is on a critical pathway for education in preparation for home care. Which one of the following responsibilities would the nurse address first?

• A. Taking vital signs
• B. Answering the client's questions
• C. Evaluating client teaching
• D. Reviewing the information with the client and family

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Reviewing the information with the client and family should be addressed first. This step involves ensuring that the client and family fully understand the information provided, which is crucial before proceeding with any other responsibilities. Taking vital signs (choice A) is important but not the priority in this scenario. Answering the client's questions (choice B) and evaluating client teaching (choice C) can come after reviewing the information to ensure effective communication and understanding.

5. What term refers to the situation where the pay of newer employees is similar to or higher than that of more experienced employees?

• A. Salary compression
• B. Salary expectations
• C. Salary range
• D. Salary inflation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Salary compression is the term used to describe the situation where the pay of newer employees is similar to or higher than that of more experienced employees. This can happen when newer employees are paid higher salaries to attract them, leading to a compressed salary structure in the organization. Choice B, 'Salary expectations,' does not specifically refer to the scenario described in the question. Choice C, 'Salary range,' is a broader term referring to the range of salaries offered for a particular job or position, not specifically related to the disparity between new and experienced employees. Choice D, 'Salary inflation,' does not accurately describe the situation of newer employees earning higher salaries than more experienced ones; instead, it refers to a general increase in wages across the board.

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