Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?

• A. Patent ductus arteriosus
• B. Ventricular septal defect
• C. Atrial septal defect
• D. Coarctation of the aorta

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.

2. Which is the most frequently used test for measuring visual acuity?

• A. Snellen letter chart
• B. Ishihara vision test
• C. Allen picture card test
• D. Denver eye screening test

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Snellen letter chart is the most commonly used test for measuring visual acuity, particularly in school-age children and adults.

3. A 10-month-old infant is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. An esophageal (pH) probe monitor is ordered. What explanation for the purpose of the esophageal probe should the nurse provide to the parents?

• A. Assist in the passage of formula through the esophagus
• B. Identify the number of reflux episodes that are occurring
• C. Determine the time it takes for the stomach to empty its contents
• D. Monitor the pH within the stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The esophageal pH probe is used to identify the frequency and severity of reflux episodes by measuring the pH in the esophagus. Choice A is incorrect because the probe does not assist in the passage of formula through the esophagus. Choice C is incorrect as determining the time it takes for the stomach to empty its contents would require a different procedure. Choice D is incorrect as the esophageal pH probe monitors the pH in the esophagus, not the stomach.

4. The nurse is teaching parents about the types of behaviors children exhibit when living with chronic violence. Which statement made by the parents indicates further teaching is needed?

• A. "We should watch for aggressive play."
• B. "Our child may show lasting symptoms of stress."
• C. "We know that our child will show caring behaviors."
• D. "Our child may have difficulty concentrating in school."

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Children exposed to chronic violence may struggle with stress and concentration but are less likely to consistently exhibit caring behaviors without intervention and support.

5. The nurse is caring for a child who had a tonsillectomy. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse observe the child for in the postoperative period?

• A. Arrhythmias
• B. Increased swallowing
• C. Increased blood sugar
• D. Increased urinary output

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B. Increased swallowing can indicate bleeding at the surgical site, which is a potential complication after tonsillectomy. Choice A, Arrhythmias, are not typically associated with tonsillectomy. Choice C, Increased blood sugar, is not a common clinical manifestation after a tonsillectomy. Choice D, Increased urinary output, is not a typical clinical manifestation to observe for in the postoperative period after a tonsillectomy.

Similar Questions