Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?

• A. Responsiveness - detecting and responding to changes in the environment
• B. Assimilation - incorporating absorbed substances into the body
• C. Respiration - obtaining energy from food molecules through oxygen
• D. Circulation - the movement of substances in body fluids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulation - the movement of substances in body fluids. Circulation refers to the movement of substances like nutrients, gases, and wastes in body fluids to and from cells. Choice A is incorrect because responsiveness is about detecting and responding to changes in the environment, not obtaining and using oxygen. Choice B is incorrect because assimilation is the process of incorporating absorbed substances into the body, not changing them into chemically different forms. Choice C is incorrect because respiration is the process of obtaining energy from food molecules through oxygen, not the obtaining and using oxygen itself.

2. Which of the following electrolytes plays an essential role in the clotting of blood?

• A. sodium
• B. magnesium
• C. calcium
• D. potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium plays an essential role in the clotting of blood by being involved in several steps of the coagulation process. It is necessary for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, which is a crucial step in forming blood clots. Sodium, magnesium, and potassium do not directly participate in the clotting cascade and are not associated with the coagulation process. Therefore, the correct answer is calcium.

3. The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is

• A. metabolism.
• B. absorption.
• C. assimilation.
• D. excretion.

Correct answer: D.

Rationale: The correct answer is 'excretion.' Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products produced by metabolic reactions from the body. Metabolism (Choice A) refers to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Absorption (Choice B) is the process of taking in nutrients and fluids into the body. Assimilation (Choice C) is the process of absorbing and incorporating nutrients into the body after digestion. Therefore, excretion is the most appropriate term for the removal of metabolic wastes.

4. Which of the following is produced by the prostate gland?

• A. testosterone
• B. fluid to lubricate the head of the penis
• C. substance to enhance sperm mobility
• D. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'fluid to lubricate the head of the penis.' The prostate gland produces a milky fluid that makes up part of the seminal fluid, which helps to nourish and transport sperm. Testosterone is produced mainly by the testes, not the prostate gland. While the prostate gland does contribute to sperm mobility, its primary function is to produce the fluid that lubricates the penis during ejaculation. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

5. What is homeostasis?

• A. The inability to keep body weight within normal limits.
• B. Room temperature decreasing because a window is open.
• C. Ingestion of more food than needed.
• D. The tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A describes obesity, choice B describes a specific scenario with room temperature, and choice C refers to overeating, which is not related to homeostasis.

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