Nursing Elites

1. When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, which should the nurse include?

• A. Parental control should be consistent.
• B. Withdrawal of love and approval is effective at this age.
• C. Children as young as 4 years rarely need to be disciplined.
• D. One should expect rules to be followed rigidly and unquestioningly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Consistent parental control is crucial for effective discipline, providing clear expectations and consequences for behavior.

2. The nurse is preparing to perform a physical assessment on a 10-year-old girl. The nurse gives her the option of her mother staying in the room or leaving. This action should be considered which?

• A. Appropriate because of the child's age
• B. Appropriate, but the mother may be uncomfortable
• C. Inappropriate because of the child's age
• D. Inappropriate because the child is the same sex as the mother

Correct answer: A

Rationale: It is appropriate to give a 10-year-old the choice of having a parent present or not during an exam, respecting the child's growing need for privacy.

3. Which is a consequence of the physical punishment of children, such as spanking?

• A. The psychological impact is usually minimal.
• B. The child's development of reasoning increases.
• C. Children rarely become accustomed to spanking.
• D. Misbehavior is likely to occur when parents are not present.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Physical punishment, such as spanking, may result in children misbehaving when parents are not present, as it does not teach appropriate behavior or self-regulation.

4. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation and asks if formula is better than breast milk since the baby is premature. What should the nurse respond?

• A. Human milk is preferred over other types of nutrition
• B. Human milk lacks essential nutrients for preterm infants
• C. Commercial infant formulas are preferred for preterm infants
• D. Commercial formulas have not been designed to meet preterm infants' needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Human milk is preferred, even for preterm infants, because it contains essential nutrients and antibodies that are particularly beneficial for their growth and development. Choice B is incorrect because human milk is rich in essential nutrients necessary for preterm infants. Choice C is incorrect as commercial infant formulas do not provide the same benefits as human milk. Choice D is incorrect as specialized formulas are available to meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, but human milk remains the optimal choice.

5. What problem is most often associated with myelomeningocele?

• A. Biliary atresia
• B. Hydrocephalus
• C. Craniostenosis
• D. Tracheoesophageal fistula

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydrocephalus is the most commonly associated problem with myelomeningocele, present in 80% to 90% of affected children. Biliary atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are not typically associated with myelomeningocele. Craniostenosis refers to the premature closing of cranial sutures and is not a common issue seen with myelomeningocele.

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