Nursing Elites

1. What observation by the nurse indicates the need for further teaching to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) on assisting with ambulation?

• A. The UAP puts shoes on the client
• B. The UAP removes floor rugs and loose objects from the path
• C. The UAP walks to the side and slightly in front of the client
• D. The UAP uses a transfer (gait) belt

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer because the UAP should walk slightly behind or to the side of the client, not in front, to provide proper support during ambulation. Choices A, B, and D are not indicative of incorrect technique or the need for further teaching. Putting shoes on the client, removing floor rugs and loose objects, and using a transfer (gait) belt are all appropriate actions when assisting with ambulation.

2. The client moves both crutches forward, with weight on the unaffected leg, and then moves the unaffected leg forward, shifting weight onto it. Which of the following gaits is being utilized?

• A. Two-point gait
• B. Three-point gait
• C. Four-point gait
• D. Unaffected gait

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Three-point gait. In a three-point gait, one leg is non-weight bearing, as described in the scenario where the client shifts weight onto the unaffected leg. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A two-point gait involves partial weight-bearing on both legs, a four-point gait involves weight-bearing on both legs, and 'Unaffected gait' is not a recognized term in gait patterns.

3. Which finding is not typically associated with inflammation in a client?

• A. Pain
• B. Heat
• C. Polyuria
• D. Erythema

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Polyuria is excessive urination and is not a typical assessment finding in inflammation. Inflammation commonly presents with pain (A), heat (B), and erythema (D) which are classic signs of an inflammatory response. Pain results from the release of inflammatory mediators, heat is due to increased blood flow, and erythema is caused by vasodilation and increased blood flow to the area. Polyuria is more likely associated with conditions such as diabetes or renal issues, rather than inflammation.

4. The medical record for a client states that the client has hemiplegia. What does this mean?

• A. The client can use his right arm, left leg, and left arm.
• B. The client has paralysis of all four extremities.
• C. The client has decreased vision in one eye.
• D. The client has paralysis on one side of the body.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hemiplegia refers to paralysis on one side of the body, affecting either the right or left side. Choice A is incorrect because it describes selective paralysis of specific limbs, not one side of the body. Choice B is incorrect as hemiplegia does not involve paralysis of all four extremities. Choice C is also incorrect as decreased vision in one eye is not indicative of hemiplegia.

5. What medication class can decrease tissue inflammation but delays bone healing?

• A. Anticoagulants
• B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• C. Opioids
• D. Narcotics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are known to decrease tissue inflammation but may delay bone healing. Anticoagulants (Choice A) are used to prevent blood clotting, opioids (Choice C) are pain relievers, and narcotics (Choice D) are drugs that affect the central nervous system. While all the choices may have their own indications and uses in healthcare, NSAIDs are specifically associated with delaying bone healing despite their anti-inflammatory properties.

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