Nursing Elites

1. What level of sodium restriction would be included as part of nutrition therapy for heart failure?

• A. Less than 500 mg per day
• B. 1000 mg to 1500 mg per day
• C. 1500 mg to 3000 mg per day
• D. 3000 to 3500 mg per day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 1500 mg to 3000 mg per day. This is the level of sodium restriction typically recommended for heart failure patients. It helps manage fluid retention and reduce blood pressure, which are both crucial in treating heart failure. A sodium intake of less than 500 mg per day (Choice A) might be too restrictive and is not typically recommended. Similarly, an intake of 1000 mg to 1500 mg per day (Choice B) falls short of the recommended range. Lastly, an intake of 3000 to 3500 mg per day (Choice D) exceeds the recommended upper limit, potentially exacerbating fluid retention and high blood pressure.

2. A nurse in a long-term care facility is developing strategies to promote increased food intake for an older adult client. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?

• A. Offer sugar substitutes to increase the client’s appetite.
• B. Provide opportunities to eat three large meals per day.
• C. Provide entertainment while the client is eating.
• D. Offer finger foods at mealtime.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct intervention for promoting increased food intake for an older adult client is to offer finger foods at mealtime. Finger foods are easier for older adults to manage, making eating less cumbersome and more enjoyable, which can help increase overall food intake. Providing sugar substitutes (Choice A) may not necessarily increase appetite and could have negative health effects. Eating three large meals per day (Choice B) may be overwhelming and not suitable for older adults who may prefer smaller, more frequent meals. While providing entertainment (Choice C) during meals can be beneficial in some cases, it may not directly contribute to increased food intake as effectively as offering finger foods.

3. Which of the following conditions is not caused by energy drinks?

• A. Nervousness
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Seizures
• D. Dental caries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Energy drinks are known for causing a variety of health issues, including nervousness, seizures, and an increased risk of dental caries due to their high sugar content. However, they do not cause bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate. Instead, energy drinks are associated with causing an increased or rapid heart rate, known as tachycardia. Therefore, out of the listed options, bradycardia is the condition not caused by energy drinks.

4. Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes?

• A. Caucasians
• B. Asian Indians
• C. Pacific Islanders
• D. African Americans

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Statistical data suggest that Caucasians generally have lower rates of type 2 diabetes compared to the other ethnic groups listed in the choices. This is not to say that Caucasians are immune to the disease, but rather that they have fewer reported instances. On the other hand, African Americans and Pacific Islanders are often identified as groups with a significantly higher risk and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Asian Indians also exhibit higher rates compared to Caucasians. It is important to note that these are general trends observed in statistical data, and individual health outcomes can vary based on various factors such as lifestyle, diet, and genetics, among others. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Caucasians because they generally have the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes when compared to the other ethnic groups mentioned.

5. Reducing the amount of trans fat in the diet is an effective method of decreasing the risk of CHD. Which food is most likely a source of trans fat?

• A. hot dogs
• B. whole milk
• C. fatty fish
• D. potato chips

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: potato chips. Potato chips, especially when fried in hydrogenated oils, are a common source of trans fats, which are linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Hot dogs (choice A) can also contain trans fats if made with processed meats and added fats. Whole milk (choice B) and fatty fish (choice C) do not typically contain trans fats, making them less likely sources compared to potato chips.

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