what is true about food and drug precautions

ATI RN

ATI Proctored Pharmacology Test

1. Which statement is true about food and drug precautions?

A. Limiting certain types of food or administering certain types of drugs is necessary.
B. Certain combinations of food and drugs can cause adverse reactions.
C. Precautions may involve limiting certain types of food or administering drugs rather than restricting the drug itself.
D. When one drug alters the way another drug affects the body.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Certain combinations of food and drugs can indeed lead to adverse reactions. It is important to be cautious with the simultaneous intake of food and drugs as interactions between them can affect their efficacy and safety. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the potential risks associated with the combination of food and drugs.

2. A nurse is evaluating teaching for a client who has Rheumatoid Arthritis and a new prescription for Methotrexate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?

A. I will be sure to return to the clinic at least once a year to have my blood drawn while I'm taking methotrexate.
B. I will take this medication on an empty stomach.
C. I'll let the doctor know if I develop sores in my mouth while taking this medication.
D. I should stop taking oral contraceptives while I'm taking methotrexate.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ulcerations in the mouth, tongue, or throat are often the first signs of methotrexate toxicity and should be reported to the provider immediately.

3. A healthcare professional is caring for a client who is prescribed Digoxin. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional monitor to assess for potential toxicity?

A. Bradycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hypercalcemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bradycardia. Bradycardia is a common sign of Digoxin toxicity. Digoxin can cause bradycardia due to its effects on the heart's electrical conduction system. Monitoring the client's heart rate regularly is essential to detect and manage toxicity promptly. Choice B, Hypertension, is incorrect as Digoxin toxicity typically presents with bradycardia and not hypertension. Choices C and D, Hypoglycemia and Hypercalcemia, are also incorrect as they are not typically associated with Digoxin toxicity.

4. A client has a new prescription for allopurinol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Drink 2 liters of water daily.
B. Avoid taking the medication on an empty stomach.
C. Limit vitamin C intake while taking this medication.
D. Take an iron supplement while on this medication.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed allopurinol is to drink 2 liters of water daily. This helps reduce the risk of kidney stones, a potential side effect of allopurinol use. Adequate hydration is essential to prevent kidney stone formation and maintain kidney function while taking this medication.

5. What is the primary action of warfarin as an anticoagulant?

A. Prevents the formation of blood clots
B. Dissolves existing blood clots
C. Dilates coronary arteries
D. Treats rhythm disturbances

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Prevents the formation of blood clots." Warfarin acts as an anticoagulant by inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver. This action reduces the blood's ability to clot, making it effective in preventing the formation of blood clots. Choice B is incorrect because warfarin does not dissolve existing blood clots; it prevents their formation. Choice C is incorrect because warfarin's primary action is not to dilate coronary arteries. Choice D is incorrect as warfarin is not used to treat rhythm disturbances, but rather to prevent clot formation.