Nursing Elites

1. What is object-relations theory?

• A. It is the theory that focuses on observable behaviors only.
• B. It is a newer psychodynamic theory focusing on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships.
• C. It is the theory that emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in shaping behavior.
• D. It is a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing maladaptive thought patterns.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Object-relations theory is a psychodynamic theory that focuses on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships. Choice A is incorrect because object-relations theory goes beyond observable behaviors to explore internalized relationships. Choice C is incorrect because object-relations theory does not primarily emphasize cognitive processes. Choice D is incorrect because object-relations theory is not a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing thought patterns.

2. Children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitant about accepting new experiences are described as?

• A. Secure
• B. Avoidant
• C. Ambivalent
• D. Disorganized

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Ambivalent.' Children with an ambivalent temperament are indeed generally mild but hesitant about accepting new experiences. This temperament is characterized by a combination of mildness and hesitance. Choice A, 'Secure,' refers to children who are comfortable with both their caregiver's presence and absence, showing a secure attachment style. Choice B, 'Avoidant,' describes children who tend to avoid or ignore their caregiver, displaying an insecure attachment style. Choice D, 'Disorganized,' represents children with inconsistent or confused behaviors towards their caregiver, exhibiting an insecure and disoriented attachment style.

3. What research method involves researchers using interviews and/or questionnaires to collect data about attitudes, interests, values, and various kinds of behaviors?

• A. Case study
• B. Survey
• C. Naturalistic observation
• D. Correlational study

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Survey. A survey is a research method where data is collected through interviews or questionnaires about various behaviors and attitudes. In a case study (choice A), researchers closely examine a particular individual or group. Naturalistic observation (choice C) involves observing subjects in their natural environment. Correlational study (choice D) examines the relationship between two variables but does not involve collecting data through interviews or questionnaires.

4. Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

• A. Individuals with anorexia nervosa do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia nervosa have.
• B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may have a normal body weight.
• C. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have been known to binge like those with bulimia nervosa on occasion.
• D. Only those with bulimia nervosa display compensatory behaviors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may maintain a normal body weight, while anorexia nervosa is often associated with severe underweight. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with anorexia nervosa actually face severe health risks due to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Choice C is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake rather than binge eating. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa can also display compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise or fasting.

5. The ______________ perspective in psychology takes into account biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors.

• A. Behavioral
• B. Cognitive-behavioral
• C. Psychodynamic
• D. Biopsychosocial

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The biopsychosocial perspective is the correct answer as it considers biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors. This perspective emphasizes the interconnection between these factors in understanding human behavior. Choice A, Behavioral perspective, focuses primarily on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. Choice B, Cognitive-behavioral perspective, combines elements of cognitive and behavioral theories to understand behavior but does not encompass sociological factors. Choice C, Psychodynamic perspective, emphasizes unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior, neglecting the sociological aspect.

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