Nursing Elites

1. Which finding is not typically associated with inflammation in a client?

• A. Pain
• B. Heat
• C. Polyuria
• D. Erythema

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Polyuria is excessive urination and is not a typical assessment finding in inflammation. Inflammation commonly presents with pain (A), heat (B), and erythema (D) which are classic signs of an inflammatory response. Pain results from the release of inflammatory mediators, heat is due to increased blood flow, and erythema is caused by vasodilation and increased blood flow to the area. Polyuria is more likely associated with conditions such as diabetes or renal issues, rather than inflammation.

2. Which test is used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis?

• A. Phalen's maneuver
• B. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
• C. Proprioception
• D. Blood culture

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, which is commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis by measuring bone mineral density. Phalen's maneuver (choice A) is a test used to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome and is not related to osteoporosis. Proprioception (choice C) refers to the sense of body position and is not a diagnostic test for osteoporosis. Blood culture (choice D) is used to detect infections caused by bacteria in the bloodstream and is not relevant to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

3. The client has been asked to perform weight-bearing exercises three times a week. The client admits to not doing the recommended exercises. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

• A. I walk 3 miles every day. Would you like to join me?
• B. Tell me more about your experience with these exercises.
• C. My dad never exercised. He fell and broke his hip. Is that your goal?
• D. You should be doing these exercises.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is to ask the client to elaborate on their experience with the exercises. By doing so, the nurse can gain insight into any barriers the client may be facing and work together to find solutions to improve adherence. Choice A is not appropriate as it doesn't address the client's situation. Choice C is not relevant and may induce fear in the client. Choice D is directive and does not promote open communication or understanding of the client's perspective.

4. A nurse assesses an audible grating sound (Crepitus) when a client with osteoarthritis moves his knees. What is the cause of this sound?

• A. A herniated disk in the diseased joint
• B. Pieces of bone and cartilage floating
• C. Popping bursae from standing
• D. Years of an autoimmune process

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

5. A client with systemic lupus erythematous complains of flank pain. Which laboratory test does the nurse anticipate will be ordered?

• A. Platelets
• B. Skin biopsy
• C. Creatinine
• D. Hemoglobin

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

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