Nursing Elites

1. What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?

• A. Decreased surface area
• B. Lower metabolic rate
• C. Immature kidney functioning
• D. Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infants have immature kidneys that are less efficient at concentrating urine, making them more susceptible to fluid imbalances. Their higher surface area to volume ratio also contributes to greater insensible fluid losses.

2. A six-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Which of these factors contribute to urinary tract infections in young children?

• A. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages.
• B. Insufficient water intake to flush the kidneys.
• C. Voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day.
• D. Infrequent voiding which results in urinary stasis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Infrequent voiding can lead to urinary stasis, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Encouraging regular voiding and proper hydration can help prevent UTIs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages may irritate the bladder but is not a direct cause of UTIs. Insufficient water intake can concentrate urine but does not necessarily lead to infections. A voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day is within the normal range and is not associated with increased UTI risk.

3. Which type of family should the nurse recognize when a mother, her children, and a stepfather live together?

• A. Traditional nuclear
• B. Blended
• C. Extended
• D. Binuclear

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A blended family consists of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships, including stepfamilies.

4. The nurse is presenting a staff development program about understanding culture in the healthcare encounter. Which components should the nurse include in the program? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Cultural humility
• B. All are applicable
• C. Cultural sensitivity
• D. Cultural competency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cultural humility, sensitivity, and competency are key components in providing culturally competent care in healthcare encounters.

5. A teenager is accompanied by his mother to the annual physical examination. The nurse is aware of privacy issues related to the teenager. While the mother is in the room, which topic should the nurse avoid?

• A. School performance
• B. Seatbelt use
• C. Cigarette smoking
• D. School friends

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cigarette smoking. Discussing sensitive topics like cigarette smoking in the presence of a parent may inhibit the teenager's willingness to be open and honest. It's important to provide an opportunity for the teenager to speak privately with the healthcare provider. Choices A, B, and D are more general topics that can be discussed openly in front of the parent without compromising the teenager's privacy or comfort.

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