Nursing Elites

1. Which condition is an example of a potential cause of gastritis?

• A. bile reflux
• B. low salt intake
• C. hypophosphatasia
• D. gallstones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bile reflux is a potential cause of gastritis as it can irritate the stomach lining when bile backs up into the stomach. Choices B, C, and D do not directly cause gastritis. Low salt intake is not a common cause of gastritis. Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone development, not the stomach. Gallstones, while related to the gallbladder, are not a direct cause of gastritis.

2. The goal of remotivation therapy is to facilitate:

• A. Insight C. Socialization
• B. Productivity D. Intimacy
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. Why might patients with periodontal disease require increased protein intake?

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patients with periodontal disease may require increased protein intake due to the physiological response to inflammation and infection, which can negatively impact protein synthesis. Protein is essential for wound healing and tissue repair, and an infection can increase the body's protein requirements. Therefore, ensuring an adequate protein intake is particularly important for these patients. Choice A is correct because the statement and reason are both accurate and directly related to each other, supporting the increased protein needs in patients with periodontal disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

4. A nurse is providing teaching about formula feeding to the parents of an infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Formula that remains in the bottle should not be used for one more feeding.
• B. Formula should be changed to whole milk when the infant is 12 months old.
• C. If the infant is gaining weight too rapidly, do not dilute the formula.
• D. If the infant turns away after taking most of the feeding, stop the feeding.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: If the infant turns away after taking most of the feeding, it indicates they are full, and continuing to feed may lead to overfeeding. Choice A is incorrect because it is not safe to use formula that remains in the bottle for another feeding due to the risk of bacterial contamination. Choice B is incorrect as whole milk should be introduced after the infant is 12 months old, not 9 months old. Choice C is incorrect as diluting formula can compromise the infant's nutrition and should not be done without healthcare provider guidance.

5. Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?

• A. blood clotting
• B. transport of oxygen in the blood
• C. muscle contractions
• D. transmission of nerve impulses

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The transport of oxygen in the blood is carried out by hemoglobin, which does not require calcium; instead, calcium is essential for blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission.

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