Nursing Elites

1. What are the signs of infection that should be monitored in a postoperative patient?

• A. Fever and chills
• B. All of the above
• C. Increased pain or tenderness
• D. Redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site.' These are specific signs of infection at the surgical site that a nurse should monitor for in a postoperative patient. While fever, chills, and increased pain can also indicate infection, the most direct signs are redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site. Therefore, 'D' is the best choice as it directly relates to the site of the surgery and is crucial to monitor for potential postoperative infections.

2. A patient is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension. What is the most important assessment the nurse should perform?

• A. Monitor the patient's respiratory rate.
• B. Check the patient's blood pressure regularly.
• C. Monitor the patient's potassium levels.
• D. Monitor the patient's sodium levels.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: When a patient is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension, monitoring the patient's sodium levels is crucial. Diuretics can lead to alterations in sodium levels, potentially causing complications like hyponatremia. While monitoring other parameters like respiratory rate, blood pressure, and potassium levels may also be important, the primary concern with diuretic therapy is the risk of sodium imbalance, making the monitoring of sodium levels the most critical assessment.

3. What is the most important action for the nurse to take after finding a patient on the floor who reports, 'I fell out of bed'?

• A. Reassess the patient.
• B. Complete an incident report.
• C. Notify the health care provider.
• D. Take no action, as no harm has occurred.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most important action for the nurse to take after finding a patient on the floor who reports falling out of bed is to notify the health care provider. This is crucial to ensure that the incident is reported, documented, and that the patient receives necessary follow-up care. Reassessing the patient is important, but notifying the healthcare provider takes precedence to address any potential injuries or issues that may have resulted from the fall. Completing an incident report is necessary, but immediate notification to the healthcare provider is more critical in this situation. Doing nothing is not an appropriate response, as the patient's safety and well-being must be the top priority.

4. Which of the following is an adverse effect of Lithium Carbonate that requires client education?

• A. Increased risk of infection
• B. Gastrointestinal distress
• C. Increased white blood cell count
• D. Nausea and vomiting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gastrointestinal distress. When taking Lithium Carbonate, clients may experience gastrointestinal distress as an adverse effect. It is crucial to educate clients about this potential side effect to help them manage it effectively. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased risk of infection (Choice A) is not a typical adverse effect of Lithium Carbonate. Similarly, increased white blood cell count (Choice C) is not associated with this medication's adverse effects. Nausea and vomiting (Choice D) are general side effects of many medications but are not specifically attributed to Lithium Carbonate.

5. A nurse is using the ecologic model for population health to develop interventions to address HIV in a community. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include to address financial factors affecting community health?

• A. Have adolescents lead peer discussions in schools about safe sexual practices
• B. Distribute condoms through remote community clinics
• C. Create commercial advertisements describing the long-term effects of HIV
• D. Include information about perinatal HIV transmission at prenatal education classes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Distributing condoms addresses financial barriers by providing access to essential protective measures in remote areas. Choice A focuses on education rather than direct intervention related to financial factors. Choice C involves advertising and not a direct intervention to address financial factors. Choice D pertains to education about HIV transmission rather than directly addressing financial barriers affecting community health.

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