Nursing Elites

1. This is a type of therapy that involves removing fluid from the lungs, typically through the use of diuretics.

• A. Diuretic therapy
• B. Oxygen therapy
• C. Inhaler therapy
• D. Antihistamine therapy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diuretic therapy. Diuretic therapy involves the use of medications that help remove excess fluid from the body, often used to treat conditions like pulmonary edema. Choice B, Oxygen therapy, is used to provide oxygen to patients with breathing difficulties but does not involve removing fluid from the lungs. Choice C, Inhaler therapy, is used to deliver medication directly to the lungs to help with respiratory conditions but does not focus on removing fluid. Choice D, Antihistamine therapy, is used to treat allergies by blocking histamine but is not related to removing fluid from the lungs.

2. What is the procedure where a device is used to shock the heart back into a normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia?

• A. Defibrillation
• B. Cardioversion
• C. Echocardiogram
• D. Ablation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Defibrillation. Defibrillation is the procedure of using a device to deliver an electric shock to the heart during life-threatening arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia to restore a normal rhythm. Choice B, Cardioversion, is similar but is typically used for less severe arrhythmias. Choice C, Echocardiogram, is a diagnostic test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart. Choice D, Ablation, is a procedure to treat certain types of arrhythmias by scarring or destroying tissue that triggers abnormal electrical signals.

3. Which medication is used to prevent blood clots by thinning the blood, reducing the risk of stroke and heart attack?

• A. Anticoagulant
• B. ACE inhibitor
• C. Beta-blocker
• D. Calcium channel blocker

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Anticoagulant.' Anticoagulants are medications specifically designed to prevent blood clots by thinning the blood, which effectively reduces the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular events. Choices B, C, and D, which are ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers, respectively, do not have the primary mechanism of action to prevent blood clot formation. ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers are commonly used for managing hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions by different mechanisms of action.

4. What is a chronic condition where the bronchial tubes in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, often caused by smoking?

• A. Chronic bronchitis
• B. Emphysema
• C. Asthma
• D. Tuberculosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is the correct answer because it is a long-term condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes in the lungs, commonly triggered by smoking. Emphysema involves damage to the air sacs in the lungs, not specifically the bronchial tubes. Asthma is a condition of reversible airway obstruction usually due to allergies or other triggers, not solely smoking. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but is not directly related to inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes.

5. Which structure serves as the major chemoreceptor of the heart?

• A. Carotid body
• B. Aortic body
• C. Vagus nerve
• D. SA node

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the carotid body. The carotid body is the major chemoreceptor of the heart responsible for detecting changes in blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels. This specialized structure helps regulate the cardiovascular system's response to maintain appropriate oxygen levels in the blood. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly involved in chemoreception in the heart. The aortic body is primarily involved in blood pressure regulation, the vagus nerve is a cranial nerve responsible for parasympathetic innervation, and the SA node is known as the heart's natural pacemaker.

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