this is a surgical procedure where a blood vessel is grafted to bypass a blocked coronary artery improving blood flow to the heart muscle
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Cardiovascular System Exam Questions

1. What is a surgical procedure where a blood vessel is grafted to bypass a blocked coronary artery, improving blood flow to the heart muscle?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). CABG involves grafting a blood vessel to bypass a blocked coronary artery, enhancing blood flow to the heart muscle. This procedure helps reduce the risk of heart attack by restoring proper blood circulation to the heart. Choice B, valve replacement, is a different surgical procedure that involves replacing damaged or dysfunctional heart valves. Choice C, angioplasty, is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a balloon to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels. Choice D, endarterectomy, is the surgical removal of plaque from the lining of an artery to improve blood flow.

2. What type of medication is used to reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent asthma attacks?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Corticosteroid. Corticosteroids are medications that work by reducing inflammation in the airways, helping to prevent asthma attacks and manage chronic respiratory conditions. Bronchodilators (choice B) work by relaxing the muscles around the airways to make breathing easier, but they do not primarily target inflammation. Antihistamines (choice C) are used to treat allergic reactions and do not directly target airway inflammation. Mucolytics (choice D) help to break down and thin mucus in the airways but do not reduce inflammation.

3. Which condition involves the tearing of the aorta, leading to severe pain and internal bleeding?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Aortic dissection. Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition where the inner layer of the aorta tears, causing severe chest or back pain and internal bleeding, requiring immediate medical attention. Choice B, aneurysm, involves a bulging or weakening of a blood vessel wall, which is different from a tear in the aorta. Choices C and D, stroke and myocardial infarction, do not directly involve the tearing of the aorta and are distinct conditions.

4. What type of medication is used to relax the muscles around the airways and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways, improving airflow and making breathing easier for patients with asthma or COPD. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs used to reduce airway inflammation, while mucolytics help in thinning and clearing mucus. Antihistamines are used to treat allergies and not specifically to improve breathing in conditions like asthma or COPD.

5. The nurse is preparing to administer a beta blocker to a client with hypertension. What is the priority assessment?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client's blood pressure. Before administering a beta blocker to a client with hypertension, assessing the blood pressure is crucial because beta blockers can cause hypotension, potentially leading to adverse effects. Checking the heart rate may also be important but is secondary to monitoring the blood pressure in this scenario. Respiratory rate and temperature assessments are not directly related to assessing the client's response to a beta blocker in hypertension management, making choices C and D less relevant.

Similar Questions

Which chronic condition is characterized by abnormally thickened heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently?
Which heart chamber receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava?
What is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque?
What is this surgical procedure that restores blood flow to the heart by diverting blood around a blocked artery?
The nurse is administering a beta blocker to a client with a heart rate of 58 bpm. What is the nurse’s priority action?

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