Nursing Elites

1. What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the pleura, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing?

• A. Pleurisy
• B. Pericarditis
• C. Endocarditis
• D. Myocarditis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Pleurisy. Pleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura, the lining surrounding the lungs, which causes sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing. Pericarditis (choice B) is the inflammation of the pericardium, the sac around the heart, which typically causes chest pain that worsens when lying down. Endocarditis (choice C) is the inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, leading to symptoms like fever, fatigue, and abnormal heart sounds. Myocarditis (choice D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, which can cause symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

2. What is the condition where the blood vessels that supply blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, causing pain and difficulty walking?

• A. Peripheral artery disease
• B. Raynaud's disease
• C. Varicose veins
• D. Pulmonary embolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is a condition where the blood vessels that supply blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, leading to decreased blood flow, pain, and difficulty walking, especially during physical activity. Raynaud's disease (choice B) is characterized by vasospasms in the fingers and toes, causing them to turn white or blue. Varicose veins (choice C) are enlarged, twisted veins usually found in the legs. Pulmonary embolism (choice D) is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot.

3. What diagnostic procedure uses sound waves to create images of the heart and assess its structure and function?

• A. Echocardiogram
• B. MRI
• C. CT scan
• D. X-ray

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An echocardiogram is the correct answer because it is a diagnostic procedure that uses sound waves to create images of the heart, enabling doctors to assess its structure and function. This imaging technique is specifically designed for cardiac assessment. MRI (Choice B), CT scan (Choice C), and X-ray (Choice D) are imaging modalities that are not primarily used for detailed evaluation of the heart's structure and function, making them incorrect choices for this question.

4. What test measures the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, typically 24 to 48 hours?

• A. Holter monitor
• B. Echocardiogram
• C. Stress test
• D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Holter monitor. A Holter monitor is a portable device that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of 24 to 48 hours. It is used to detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions. Choice B, Echocardiogram, is a test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function, not focused on the electrical activity. Choice C, Stress test, evaluates the heart's function under stress but does not monitor electrical activity over an extended period. Choice D, Arterial blood gas (ABG), measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, unrelated to measuring the electrical activity of the heart over time.

5. What is the ability of cardiac cells to respond to an impulse by transmitting the impulse along cell membranes?

• A. Contractility
• B. Automaticity
• C. Conductivity
• D. Rhythmicity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Conductivity. Conductivity refers to the ability of cardiac cells to transmit impulses along cell membranes. Contractility (Choice A) is the ability of cardiac cells to contract in response to an electrical stimulus, not transmit impulses. Automaticity (Choice B) is the ability of cardiac cells to spontaneously generate electrical impulses. Rhythmicity (Choice D) refers to the regular generation of electrical impulses by the heart's pacemaker cells, not the transmission of impulses along cell membranes.

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