ATI RN
Fluid and Electrolytes ATI
1. The healthcare professional working in the PACU is aware that which of the following procedures may contribute to extracellular losses?
- A. Removal of an ingrown toenail
- B. Tooth extraction
- C. Abdominal surgery
- D. Cataract surgery
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fluid loss from the extracellular compartment can be caused by abdominal surgery as it involves opening the abdominal cavity, potentially leading to significant fluid losses. Choices A, B, and D do not typically result in substantial extracellular losses compared to abdominal surgery.
2. A nurse is assessing clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which clients are at increased risk for hypophosphatemia? (Select all that do not apply.)
- A. A 36-year-old who is malnourished
- B. A 42-year-old with uncontrolled diabetes
- C. A 76-year-old who is prescribed antacids
- D. 50-year-old with hyperparathyroidism
Correct answer: C
Rationale:
3. A nurse is planning care for a client who is hyperventilating. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.30, PaO2 94 mm Hg, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 26 mEq/L. Which question should the nurse ask when developing this clients plan of care?
- A. Do you take any over-the-counter medications?
- B. You appear anxious. What is causing your distress?
- C. Do you have a history of anxiety attacks?
- D. You are breathing fast. Is this causing you to feel light-headed?
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
4. The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to:
- A. adjust fluid intake so it equals fluid output.
- B. adjust fluid intake so it is slightly above fluid output.
- C. adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input.
- D. adjust fluid intake so it is slightly below fluid output.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input.' Maintaining fluid balance involves ensuring that the amount of fluid lost through processes like urination, sweating, and respiration equals the amount of fluid taken in. This ensures that the body stays properly hydrated. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not focus on the balance between fluid input and output, which is crucial for maintaining proper fluid balance. By adjusting fluid output to equal fluid input, the body can regulate hydration levels effectively, preventing dehydration or overhydration.
5. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?
- A. Cerebrospinal fluid
- B. The humors of the eye
- C. Lymph
- D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye are not considered extracellular fluids. Extracellular fluids are fluids found outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and lymph. Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the central nervous system, while the humors of the eye (aqueous humor and vitreous humor) are located within the eyeball, making them distinct from extracellular fluids.
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