Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary effect of a calcium channel blocker on the heart?

• A. Decreases heart rate
• B. Increases heart rate
• C. Increases blood pressure
• D. Decreases blood pressure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreases blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers primarily work by relaxing blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. While these medications can have secondary effects on the heart, such as reducing the workload of the heart muscle, the primary effect related to blood pressure regulation. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the primary action of calcium channel blockers on the heart.

2. What is a condition where the pulmonary arteries become blocked by a blood clot, leading to chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms?

• A. Pulmonary embolism
• B. Pneumothorax
• C. Pulmonary edema
• D. Pulmonary hypertension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a condition where a blood clot blocks one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, resulting in symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and other related signs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pneumothorax refers to a collapsed lung, pulmonary edema is the build-up of fluid in the lungs, and pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs - none of which directly involve a blood clot blocking the pulmonary arteries.

3. What is the term for a blood clot blocking an artery in the lungs, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain?

• A. Pulmonary embolism
• B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• C. Myocardial infarction
• D. Pneumothorax

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks an artery, causing symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain. Choice B, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), involves a blood clot forming in a deep vein, usually in the legs. Choice C, myocardial infarction, refers to a heart attack due to blocked blood flow to the heart muscle. Choice D, pneumothorax, is a collapsed lung due to air leaking into the chest cavity.

4. Which of the following is a type of heart valve disease where the aortic valve becomes narrowed, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body?

• A. Aortic stenosis
• B. Mitral stenosis
• C. Tricuspid regurgitation
• D. Pulmonary hypertension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Aortic stenosis. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve becomes narrowed, which obstructs the blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. This condition can lead to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Mitral stenosis (choice B) involves narrowing of the mitral valve, not the aortic valve. Tricuspid regurgitation (choice C) is a condition where the tricuspid valve leaks, causing blood to flow backward in the heart. Pulmonary hypertension (choice D) is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs.

5. What is a condition where the arteries supplying blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, causing pain and difficulty walking?

• A. Peripheral artery disease
• B. Atherosclerosis
• C. Varicose veins
• D. Raynaud's disease

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet, resulting in pain and difficulty walking. Choice B, Atherosclerosis, is a condition involving the buildup of plaque in the arteries but is not specific to the legs and feet. Varicose veins (Choice C) refer to enlarged, twisted veins usually occurring in the legs. Raynaud's disease (Choice D) involves episodes of reduced blood flow to the extremities, typically triggered by cold temperatures or stress, but it is not directly related to the arteries in the legs and feet.

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