Nursing Elites

1. What is the most abundant positive ion in blood plasma?

• A. Potassium.
• B. Calcium.
• C. Sodium.
• D. Both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium. Sodium (Na+) is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid, including blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and is essential for various physiological processes. Choice A, Potassium, is also an important ion in the body but is predominantly found intracellularly. Choice B, Calcium, is an essential mineral in the body but is not the most abundant positive ion in blood plasma. Choice D is incorrect as sodium is the primary positive ion in blood plasma, with a much higher concentration compared to potassium.

2. When preparing a site for the insertion of an IV catheter, how should excess hair at the site be treated?

• A. Leaving the hair intact
• B. Shaving the area
• C. Clipping the hair in the area
• D. Removing the hair with a depilatory

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to clip the hair in the area. Excess hair at the site of IV catheter insertion should be removed because it can be a potential source of infection. Clipping the hair is preferred over shaving because shaving can cause skin abrasions, increasing the risk of infection. Using depilatories is not recommended as they can irritate the skin, which is undesirable when preparing a clean site for an invasive procedure. Therefore, clipping the hair in the area is the most appropriate and safe method to prepare the site for IV catheter insertion.

3. The healthcare provider is evaluating a patient's laboratory results. Based on the laboratory findings, what results will cause the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

• A. Increased serum sodium
• B. Decreased serum sodium
• C. Decrease in serum osmolality
• D. Decrease in thirst

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased serum sodium. When serum sodium levels increase, it triggers the release of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland. ADH helps in retaining water, reducing urine output, and maintaining fluid balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreased serum sodium, decrease in serum osmolality, and decrease in thirst do not stimulate the release of ADH.

4. Which of the following are sources of water intake?

• A. Drinking fluids.
• B. Consuming water from the food we eat.
• C. Water from metabolic processes.
• D. Drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The sources of water intake include drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes. Water intake is not solely from the liquids we drink but also from the water content present in the food we consume and the water produced during metabolic processes such as cellular respiration. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it covers all the sources of water intake. Options A, B, and C alone do not encompass all the sources of water intake, making them incorrect choices.

5. A medical-surgical nurse is concerned about the incidence of complications related to IV therapy, including bloodstream infection. Which intervention should the nurse suggest to the management team to make the biggest impact on decreasing complications

• A. Initiate a dedicated team to insert access devices
• B. . Require additional education for all nurses.
• C. Limit the use of peripheral venous access devices.
• D. Perform quality control testing on skin preparation products.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

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