Nursing Elites

1. Can bacterial plaque metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose? Is fructose, also known as levulose and found naturally in honey, less cariogenic than sucrose and lactose?

• A. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
• B. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, and fructose is not less cariogenic.
• C. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
• D. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, but yes, fructose is less cariogenic.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first statement is correct as bacterial plaque can indeed metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose. However, the second statement is inaccurate. Fructose, despite being found naturally in honey and known also as levulose, is not less cariogenic than either sucrose or lactose. This means that its consumption does not result in fewer cavities or tooth decay. Therefore, the correct answer is that bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but fructose is not less cariogenic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either wrongly assert that bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars or wrongly claim that fructose is less cariogenic.

2. Has Healthy People (HP 2020), issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, resulted in a reduction of deaths from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers, as well as decreased dental caries in children aged 2 to 4 years and adults aged 53 to 44 years?

• A. Yes, both statements are true.
• B. No, both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both statements are false. While Healthy People (HP 2020) has contributed to a reduction in deaths from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers, it did not result in decreased dental caries in children aged 2 to 4 years and adults aged 53 to 44 years. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect because the second statement is false. Choice C is incorrect as the first statement is also false. Choice D is incorrect as the second statement is false.

3. By force of law, therefore, the PRC-Board of Nursing released Resolution No. 14 Series of 1999 entitled: "Adoption of a Nursing Specialty Certification Program and Creation of Nursing Specialty Certification Council." This rule-making power is called:

• A. Quasi-Judicial Power
• B. Regulatory Power
• C. Quasi-Legislative Power
• D. Executive/Promulgating Power

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regulatory Power. Regulatory power involves the authority to create rules and regulations that govern a specific area. In this case, the PRC-Board of Nursing's release of Resolution No. 14 Series of 1999 for the Nursing Specialty Certification Program falls under regulatory power as it establishes guidelines and standards for nursing specialty certification. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Quasi-judicial power involves making decisions on rights and obligations, quasi-legislative power involves creating regulations with the force of law, and executive/promulgating power involves enforcing and implementing laws and regulations.

4. What is the function of the gallbladder?

• A. to store bile
• B. to produce bile
• C. to digest bile
• D. to modify bile to a liquid form

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "to store bile." The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile produced by the liver. It releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice B is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the gallbladder does not digest bile but stores and releases it for digestion. Choice D is incorrect because bile is already in liquid form; the gallbladder does not modify it to a liquid state.

5. What is the name of the record that shows all medications and treatments provided on a repeated basis?

• A. Nursing Health History and Assessment Worksheet
• B. Discharge Summary
• C. Nursing Kardex
• D. Medicine and Treatment Record

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The 'Medicine and Treatment Record' is the document that maintains a comprehensive log of all medications and treatments provided on a routine basis. It does not refer to the 'Discharge Summary', which is a clinical report prepared by healthcare professionals at the end of a hospital stay or series of treatments. The 'Nursing Health History and Assessment Worksheet' is used to gather comprehensive data about the patient's health history and current health status, but it does not record ongoing treatment details. The 'Nursing Kardex' is a patient care information system used to quickly communicate patient needs, but it does not consistently record all medications and treatments provided.

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