Nursing Elites

1. Maternal malnutrition at a critical period of development may have lifelong effects on an individual's pattern of genetic expression and on the tendency to develop obesity, which is a concept known as _____.

• A. genetic determination
• B. metabolic tolerance
• C. chromosomal influence
• D. fetal programming

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fetal programming refers to the concept that maternal nutrition during critical periods of development can have long-term effects on an individual's health and risk of diseases like obesity.

2. A client with a body mass index of 28 is seeking dietary advice. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Encourage the client to continue their current daily caloric intake.
• B. Recommend a total fiber intake of 12g per day.
• C. Advise the client to add 500 calories per day to their diet.
• D. Refer the client to a weight-loss support group.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Referring the client to a weight-loss support group is the most appropriate action for a client with a body mass index of 28. This action can provide the necessary support, guidance, and motivation to help the client achieve their weight loss goals. Encouraging the client to continue their current daily caloric intake (Choice A) may not address the need for weight loss. Recommending a total fiber intake of 12g per day (Choice B) is important for overall health but may not directly address weight loss. Advising the client to add 500 calories per day to their diet (Choice C) would not be beneficial for weight loss in this scenario.

3. Which of the following nutrients deficiency may lead to a diabetes-like condition?

• A. chromium
• B. iron
• C. molybdenum
• D. selenium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Chromium is essential for proper glucose metabolism. A deficiency in chromium can result in insulin resistance, which shares similarities with diabetes. Iron, molybdenum, and selenium deficiencies do not directly lead to a diabetes-like condition. Iron deficiency causes anemia, molybdenum deficiency is rare and can lead to specific metabolic issues, and selenium deficiency may result in thyroid problems but not a diabetes-like condition.

4. A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has neutropenia as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of lung cancer. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

• A. Bottled water is an appropriate choice to increase fluid intake.
• B. The salad bar is a healthy choice when dining out.
• C. Soft-boiled eggs are an appropriate source of protein.
• D. Eating at a buffet is a good choice to increase caloric intake.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In neutropenia, which is a low count of neutrophils, the client is at a high risk of infection. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of proper hydration to maintain overall health. Bottled water is a safe choice as it reduces the risk of exposure to contaminants that could further compromise the client's immune system. The other options, like the salad bar, soft-boiled eggs, and eating at a buffet, may not be suitable for a client with neutropenia due to the risk of bacterial contamination or exposure to pathogens that could lead to infections, which should be avoided.

5. Selective inattention is seen in which level of anxiety?

• A. Mild
• B. Moderate
• C. Severe
• D. Panic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Selective inattention is a defense mechanism seen in panic-level anxiety. In panic anxiety, individuals may experience selective inattention, where they focus only on specific aspects and ignore others. Mild anxiety does not typically involve selective inattention as individuals can still function effectively. Moderate and severe anxiety may impair attention, but selective inattention is more characteristic of panic-level anxiety.

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