Nursing Elites

1. Maternal malnutrition at a critical period of development may have lifelong effects on an individual's pattern of genetic expression and on the tendency to develop obesity, which is a concept known as _____.

• A. genetic determination
• B. metabolic tolerance
• C. chromosomal influence
• D. fetal programming

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fetal programming refers to the concept that maternal nutrition during critical periods of development can have long-term effects on an individual's health and risk of diseases like obesity.

2. What is the main function of dietary fiber in managing cholesterol levels?

• A. To reduce absorption of dietary fats
• B. To increase cholesterol synthesis
• C. To enhance protein digestion
• D. To decrease cholesterol absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dietary fiber helps lower cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids and reducing cholesterol absorption.

3. Which of the following foods provides the most protein?

• A. Beans
• B. Red peppers
• C. Asparagus
• D. Celery

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Beans.' Beans are a rich source of plant-based protein, making them the best option among the listed foods for protein content. Red peppers, asparagus, and celery are not significant sources of protein compared to beans, hence they are incorrect choices for this question.

4. How many grams of protein per day are recommended for a person weighing 150 lbs?

• A. 120
• B. 85
• C. 187.5
• D. 54

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. To convert pounds to kilograms, divide the weight in pounds by 2.2. Therefore, a 150 lb person weighs approximately 68 kg (150 / 2.2 = 68). Multiplying 68 kg by 0.8 grams gives us 54 grams of protein per day. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the RDA calculation based on body weight.

5. The recommended treatment modality in clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder is:

• A. Psychotherapy
• B. Behavior therapy
• C. Aversion therapy
• D. Psychoanalysis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended treatment modality for clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder is Behavior Therapy, not Psychoanalysis. Behavior therapy, specifically exposure and response prevention, is considered the first-line treatment for OCD. This therapy focuses on changing the patterns of behavior that contribute to the disorder. Psychotherapy, although beneficial in some cases, is not as effective as behavior therapy for OCD. Aversion therapy involves associating a stimulus with a negative outcome to reduce the frequency of a specific behavior, which is not the primary approach for OCD.

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