Nursing Elites

1. Maternal malnutrition at a critical period of development may have lifelong effects on an individual's pattern of genetic expression and on the tendency to develop obesity, which is a concept known as _____.

• A. genetic determination
• B. metabolic tolerance
• C. chromosomal influence
• D. fetal programming

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fetal programming refers to the concept that maternal nutrition during critical periods of development can have long-term effects on an individual's health and risk of diseases like obesity.

2. What information should a working mother who wants to continue breastfeeding her infant by occasionally pumping milk ahead of time be given to help her successfully maintain breastfeeding?

• A. Breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days
• B. Breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months
• C. Heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality
• D. Breast milk can be expressed either by hand or with an electric pump

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This information is crucial as it informs the mother of her options for expressing milk, which is the first step in being able to store and later feed it to her child while she's away at work. Choice A has been corrected to state that breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days, providing a more accurate storage timeframe. Choice B has been revised to indicate that breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months, aligning with the recommended storage duration. Choice C now highlights that heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality, emphasizing the importance of using proper methods for warming breast milk and avoiding potential harm to the baby's health and well-being.

3. Each statement accurately describes the physical effects of food on periodontal health, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of monosaccharides
• B. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of disaccharides
• C. Poor nutrition has an adverse effect on the periodontium
• D. Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chewing soft, spongy foods does not stimulate salivary flow; rather, firm, fibrous foods like fruits and vegetables do. Soft foods can stick to teeth, promoting plaque buildup. Choices A, B, and C are accurate: Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by both monosaccharides and disaccharides, while poor nutrition can indeed have adverse effects on the periodontium.

4. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has a history of atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the nurse should plan follow-up teaching on a low-cholesterol diet?

• A. "I flavor my meat with lemon juice."?
• B. "I eat two eggs for breakfast each morning."?
• C. "I cook my food with canola oil."?
• D. "I take an omega-3 supplement daily."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Eggs are high in cholesterol, so someone with elevated cholesterol levels, especially with a history of atherosclerosis, should be cautious about egg consumption. Choices A, C, and D are not as concerning for cholesterol levels. Lemon juice, canola oil, and omega-3 supplements do not significantly impact cholesterol levels compared to consuming eggs regularly.

5. For a client with a history of gout, which food should be included in their diet?

• A. Red meat
• B. Whole grains
• C. High-fat dairy
• D. Processed meats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Whole grains are low in purines and are a better choice for someone with gout.

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