Nursing Elites

1. Maternal malnutrition at a critical period of development may have lifelong effects on an individual's pattern of genetic expression and on the tendency to develop obesity, which is a concept known as _____.

• A. genetic determination
• B. metabolic tolerance
• C. chromosomal influence
• D. fetal programming

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fetal programming refers to the concept that maternal nutrition during critical periods of development can have long-term effects on an individual's health and risk of diseases like obesity.

2. Which physiologic effect should the nurse expect in a client addicted to hallucinogens?

• A. Dilated pupils
• B. Constricted pupils
• C. Bradycardia
• D. Bradypnea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Clients addicted to hallucinogens often exhibit constricted pupils due to the effects of the drug on the sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic stimulation causes the pupils to constrict rather than dilate. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Dilated pupils are more commonly associated with stimulant use, while bradycardia (slow heart rate) and bradypnea (slow breathing) are not typical effects of hallucinogens.

3. Which is the best description of a full-liquid diet?

• A. Most suitable for individuals with an ileostomy
• B. Suitable for individuals with lactose intolerance
• C. Contains low saturated fat and high fiber
• D. Provides adequate nutrients and is easily digested

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a full-liquid diet is designed to provide adequate nutrients while being easily digested. Choices A and B are incorrect because a full-liquid diet is not specifically tailored for individuals with an ileostomy or lactose intolerance. Choice C is also incorrect as it describes characteristics that are not defining features of a full-liquid diet.

4. What nutrition-related side effect is most likely to occur after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment?

• A. Aspiration
• B. Acid reflux
• C. Dumping syndrome
• D. Diarrhea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most likely nutrition-related side effect after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment is aspiration. This is due to changes in swallowing mechanics, which can cause food or liquids to be inhaled into the lungs. While acid reflux, dumping syndrome, and diarrhea are potential side effects related to nutrition, they are not as directly connected to head and neck surgery. Acid reflux is more often related to issues with the lower esophageal sphincter, dumping syndrome is typically a complication of gastric surgery, and diarrhea can have various causes, including certain medications or gastrointestinal illnesses.

5. How many calories does one pound of fat equal?

• A. 1500 calories
• B. 2500 calories
• C. 3500 calories
• D. 5000 calories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: One pound of body fat is equivalent to approximately 3500 calories. This is a generally accepted caloric value used in nutrition and weight management. It's important to note that this is an estimation and individual variations may occur. Choice A (1500 calories), Choice B (2500 calories), and Choice D (5000 calories) are incorrect because they do not match the generally accepted caloric value of 3500 calories for one pound of body fat.

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