Nursing Elites

1. During nutritional counseling, what is the most important step to take?

• A. Consult the patient's family
• B. Formulate a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient
• C. Include members of the dental team in the dietary formulation
• D. Include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During nutritional counseling, the most important step is to include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan. This ensures their active involvement, understanding, and commitment to the plan, leading to better compliance and success in achieving nutritional goals. Consulting the patient's family (Choice A) may be helpful but should not replace involving the patient directly. Formulating a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient (Choice B) may not align with the patient's preferences or needs. Including members of the dental team in the dietary formulation (Choice C) may not be necessary unless specific dental concerns need to be addressed.

2. A client who is 2 days postoperative following abdominal surgery is about to progress from a clear liquid diet to full liquids. Which of the following items should the nurse tell the client he may now request to have on his meal tray?

• A. Cranberry juice
• B. Flavored gelatin
• C. Skim milk
• D. Chicken broth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cranberry juice is an appropriate choice for a client transitioning from a clear liquid diet to full liquids post abdominal surgery. It provides hydration and some essential nutrients. Flavored gelatin is usually allowed on a clear liquid diet and may not be suitable for a full liquids phase. Skim milk and chicken broth are typically introduced in a later stage of the diet progression, closer to a soft diet, due to their higher protein and fat content.

3. Each statement is true of swallowing and processing food, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. The swallowing reflex moves a bolus into the esophagus
• B. A bolus is a mass of food
• C. The bolus is transported to the stomach by osmosis and gravity
• D. The bolus penetrates the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The bolus is not transported to the stomach by osmosis and gravity, but by peristalsis. Peristalsis is the involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles to push the bolus through the digestive system. Choices A, B, and D are correct statements. A bolus is indeed a mass of food, the swallowing reflex does move the bolus into the esophagus, and the bolus does not penetrate the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus; instead, it enters the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter.

4. Before and after the operation, the operating suite is managed by the:

• A. Surgeon C. Nurse Manager
• B. Nurse Supervisor D. Chief Nurse
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. Which type of assessment evaluates a person's risk of malnutrition by ranking key variables from the medical history and physical examination?

• A. Katz index
• B. integrated assessment
• C. subjective global assessment
• D. nutrition care plan

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is the correct choice. SGA is a comprehensive tool used to assess an individual's risk of malnutrition by integrating key variables from the medical history, physical examination, and other relevant factors. The Katz index is used to assess activities of daily living, not malnutrition risk. An integrated assessment refers to the overall evaluation process involving multiple assessments. A nutrition care plan is a personalized plan developed based on assessment findings, not the assessment itself.

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