Nursing Elites

1. Dr. Whiren studies how culture is transmitted to the next generation. Dr. Whiren’s research best aligns with the perspective of which theorist?

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. John Bowlby
• C. Lev Vygotsky
• D. Erik Erikson Answer: C Page Ref: 22 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. Whiren's study on how culture is transmitted to the next generation aligns best with the perspective of Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was a developmental psychologist who emphasized the importance of social interactions and cultural influences in shaping cognitive development. He believed that children learn through interactions with others and that culture plays a significant role in this learning process.

2. According to research on family chaos, mothers who __________ experience greater psychological stress.

• A. make family meals
• B. frequently multitask
• C. work outside the home
• D. cosleep with their infants

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to research on family chaos, mothers who frequently multitask experience greater psychological stress. Multitasking can lead to increased stress levels as individuals juggle multiple responsibilities and tasks simultaneously, leading to a sense of being overwhelmed and unable to focus effectively. This can contribute to higher levels of psychological stress for mothers in particular, impacting their overall well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the research specifically links frequent multitasking, not making family meals, working outside the home, or cosleeping with infants, to greater psychological stress among mothers.

3. The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the __________.

• A. microsystem
• B. macrosystem
• C. exosystem
• D. mesosystem

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the macrosystem. This level refers to the broader cultural context that shapes the values, laws, customs, and resources of a particular society. It includes factors such as ideology, political systems, societal norms, and cultural influences that impact development at all other levels within the model. Choice A, microsystem, refers to the immediate environment or setting in which an individual lives and interacts. Choice C, exosystem, involves settings that individuals do not directly experience but still influence them. Choice D, mesosystem, refers to the connections between various aspects of an individual's microsystem.

4. One criticism of the information-processing approach is that it __________.

• A. underestimates the individual's contribution to his or her own development
• B. ignores transformation in adulthood, concluding that no major cognitive changes occur after adolescence
• C. underestimates the competencies of infants and preschoolers, focusing on older children and adolescents
• D. is better at analyzing thinking into its components than at putting them back together into a comprehensive theory

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The criticism that the information-processing approach ignores transformation in adulthood, concluding that no major cognitive changes occur after adolescence, suggests a limitation of the theory in not fully acknowledging that cognitive development continues throughout the lifespan. This criticism highlights a potential drawback of the approach in terms of its understanding of cognitive changes beyond adolescence. Choice A is incorrect because the criticism is not about underestimating the individual's contribution. Choice C is also incorrect as the criticism is not related to age-specific competencies. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on a different aspect of the information-processing approach.

5. You can tell her that healthy women in their thirties have __________ as those in their twenties.

• A. lower rates of miscarriage Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 18 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• B. higher rates of pregnancy complications
• C. lower rates of pregnancy complications
• D. about the same rates of pregnancy complications Answer: D Page Ref: 89 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Healthy women in their thirties typically have about the same rates of pregnancy complications as those in their twenties. While it is true that the risk of fertility issues and certain pregnancy complications may increase with age, generally speaking, women in their thirties who are healthy and do not have preexisting conditions do not necessarily experience higher rates of pregnancy complications compared to women in their twenties.

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