ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. By which age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position?
- A. 5 to 6 months
- B. 7 to 8 months
- C. 11 to 12 months
- D. 14 to 15 months
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pulling to a standing position typically occurs between 11 to 12 months, marking the progression towards walking.
2. Which reflex, present at birth, is elicited by stroking the sole of the infant's foot, resulting in the fanning of the toes?
- A. Babinski
- B. Moro
- C. Sucking
- D. Rooting
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Babinski reflex is the correct answer. This reflex is characterized by the fanning out of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. It is a normal reflex in infants and is typically present at birth, disappearing by around 12 months of age. The Moro reflex, which involves the infant's response to a sudden loss of support or a loud noise, is not related to the fanning of toes. Sucking and rooting reflexes are related to feeding behaviors and are not elicited by stroking the sole of the foot.
3. What major complication is associated with a child with chronic renal failure?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Water and sodium retention
- D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Water and sodium retention is a major complication in chronic renal failure, leading to hypertension and edema. Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis are less common, and while BUN levels rise, retention rather than excretion is problematic in chronic renal failure.
4. Identification and treatment of cryptorchid testes should be done by age 2 years. What is an important consideration?
- A. Medical therapy is not effective after this age.
- B. Treatment is necessary to maintain the ability to be fertile when older.
- C. The younger child can tolerate the extensive surgery needed.
- D. Sexual reassignment may be necessary if treatment is not successful.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Early treatment of cryptorchidism is essential to preserve fertility and prevent complications such as testicular cancer. Surgery is usually well-tolerated, and sexual reassignment is not typically related to this condition.
5. Which is described as an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid?
- A. Cyst
- B. Papule
- C. Pustule
- D. Vesicle
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A vesicle is an elevated, circumscribed lesion filled with serous fluid, typically less than 1 cm in diameter.
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