Nursing Elites

1. An effective means of establishing rapport with the hospitalized pre-schooler is through:

• A. Lengthy discussion
• B. Explanation with drawings and models
• C. Play
• D. Silence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Play is an effective way to communicate and build rapport with young children, especially pre-schoolers. It helps them feel comfortable, express themselves, and establish a connection with the caregiver. Lengthy discussions may not be suitable for their age and attention span, while explanation with drawings and models can enhance communication but may not engage them as effectively as play. Silence, on the other hand, may create a sense of unease or lack of interaction for pre-schoolers.

2. The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of a child aged 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. Which of the following best describes this concept?

• A. Selfishness
• B. Unable to see another’s point of view
• C. Able to put self in another’s place
• D. Prefers to play alone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Egocentricity in children aged 2 to 7 years means they are unable to see things from another person's perspective. This characteristic is a normal part of their cognitive development during this stage. Choice A, 'Selfishness,' is not an accurate description as egocentricity is more about a limited ability to understand others' viewpoints rather than intentional selfishness. Choice C, 'Able to put self in another’s place,' is incorrect as egocentric children struggle to do this. Choice D, 'Prefers to play alone,' is not directly related to egocentricity but may be a behavior exhibited by some children for various reasons.

3. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse use essential information about the child’s physical, social, and emotional health to decide which interventions to use?

• A. Implementation
• B. Planning
• C. Diagnosis
• D. Assessment

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Planning. During the planning phase of the nursing process, the nurse utilizes essential information gathered during the assessment about the child’s physical, social, and emotional health to determine the most appropriate interventions to address the identified needs. This phase focuses on developing a comprehensive care plan tailored to the individual child. A) Implementation is incorrect because this phase involves carrying out the interventions outlined in the care plan. C) Diagnosis is incorrect as it refers to identifying health issues based on the assessment data. D) Assessment is incorrect as it involves collecting and analyzing data about the child's health status, rather than deciding on interventions.

4. What statement is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum?

• A. It is present from birth.
• B. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
• C. It occurs with equal frequency in both genders.
• D. Surgical interventions are always necessary to treat the problem.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Meckel diverticulum often presents with intestinal bleeding, which can vary in severity. It is a congenital condition, meaning it is present from birth, not acquired during childhood (choice A). Meckel diverticulum is slightly more common in males than in females, so it does not occur more frequently in females (choice C). While some cases of Meckel diverticulum may require surgical intervention, medical interventions can also be sufficient to treat the problem, so it is not always necessary to resort to surgery (choice D).

5. What self-report pain rating scales can be used in children as young as 3 years of age?

• A. Poker Chip Tool
• B. Visual Analog Scale
• C. FACES Pain Rating Scale
• D. Word-Graphic Rating Scale

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The FACES Pain Rating Scale is suitable for children as young as 3 years of age. It uses facial expressions to depict different levels of pain, making it easy for young children to understand and use. The Poker Chip Tool is validated for children aged 4 and older who have a certain level of cognitive ability. The Visual Analog Scale is more appropriate for children aged 7 and above. The Word-Graphic Rating Scale, which uses descriptive words, is recommended for children in the age range of 4 to 17 years.

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