Nursing Elites

1. In which of the following conditions does a person need to sit, stand, or use multiple pillows when lying down?

• A. Orthopnea
• B. Dyspnea
• C. Eupnea
• D. Apnea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Orthopnea. Orthopnea is a medical condition in which a person has difficulty breathing while lying down. To alleviate this difficulty, the person may need to sit, stand, or use multiple pillows. On the other hand, Dyspnea refers to general shortness of breath which is not specifically related to the position of the body. Eupnea is the term for normal, unlabored breathing, and Apnea is a condition characterized by the cessation of breathing. Thus, none of these other choices directly relate to the need to adjust body position or use aids like multiple pillows to breathe comfortably when lying down.

2. Which of the following are the primary bacteria involved in the initiation of dental caries?

• A. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species
• B. Salmonella and Listeria species
• C. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species
• D. Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. These bacteria are primarily responsible for initiating dental caries by fermenting carbohydrates and producing acids that demineralize enamel. Choice B, Salmonella and Listeria species, are not the primary bacteria involved in dental caries. Choice C includes Salmonella which is not a primary culprit in dental caries. Choice D lists Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli, none of which are the primary bacteria associated with initiating dental caries.

3. Select all that apply. A person who is deficient in vitamin A could consume which of the following to increase vitamin A levels?

• A. cantaloupe
• B. eggs
• C. carrots
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin A can be found in high amounts in foods like cantaloupe, eggs, carrots, and milk, all of which help to maintain healthy vision, skin, and immune function.

4. A client who is experiencing dumping syndrome following gastric surgery is receiving education from a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should drink additional fluids with my meals.
• B. I should eat high-fiber snacks between meals.
• C. I should eat a protein source with each meal.
• D. I can have caffeinated beverages in small amounts.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Eating a protein source with each meal can help manage dumping syndrome by slowing gastric emptying and reducing symptoms. This choice is the most appropriate as it directly addresses a key dietary recommendation for dumping syndrome. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because drinking additional fluids with meals, eating high-fiber snacks between meals, and consuming caffeinated beverages can exacerbate dumping syndrome symptoms by increasing gastric emptying and worsening the condition.

5. Data analysis is to be done and the nurse researcher wants to include variability. These include the following EXCEPT:

• A. Variance C. Standards of Deviation
• B. Range D. Mean
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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