ace inhibitors

ATI RN

ATI Proctored Pharmacology Test

1. How do ACE inhibitors work?

A. Block the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone effects of angiotensin II at the receptor site
B. Block stimulation of beta 1 and beta 2 at the receptor sites
C. Block the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II
D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, and by blocking its production, ACE inhibitors help dilate blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, and decrease the workload of the heart. Choice A is incorrect because it describes the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), not ACE inhibitors. Choice B is incorrect as it describes beta-blockers, not ACE inhibitors. Choice D is incorrect as ACE inhibitors do have a specific mechanism of action.

2. A client is being taught about taking Tetracycline to treat a GI infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse that the client understands the instructions?

A. I will take this medication with 8 ounces of milk.
B. I will inform my doctor if I experience diarrhea.
C. I can discontinue this medication when I feel completely well.
D. I can take this medication just before bedtime.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Diarrhea can indicate the development of a suprainfection, which can be serious. Therefore, it is essential for the client to notify the healthcare provider if they experience diarrhea while taking Tetracycline to treat a GI infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking Tetracycline with milk can reduce its absorption, discontinuing the medication prematurely can lead to treatment failure, and taking it just before bedtime may increase the risk of esophageal irritation due to the potential reflux of the medication.

3. When educating a client starting Simvastatin, which instruction should the nurse provide?

A. Take this medication in the evening.
B. Change positions slowly when rising from a chair.
C. Maintain a consistent intake of green leafy vegetables.
D. Limit fluid intake to 1 L per day.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to take Simvastatin in the evening. This timing is important because the body synthesizes the most cholesterol at night. By taking the medication in the evening, its effectiveness is increased, leading to better outcomes for the client.

4. Which of the following conditions are not treated with Barbiturates?

A. Seizures
B. Hypotension
C. Insomnia
D. Anxiety

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypotension is not treated with barbiturates. Barbiturates are primarily used for treating seizures, insomnia, and anxiety, but they are not indicated for the treatment of hypotension.

5. When administering the drug lithium, what is one important side effect to watch for?

A. Anaphylaxis
B. Seizures
C. Angioedema
D. Pulmonary Edema

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When administering lithium, it is crucial to watch for the side effect of angioedema. Angioedema is a potential adverse reaction associated with lithium therapy, characterized by rapid swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips. Monitoring for this side effect is essential to promptly address and manage any signs of angioedema that may occur during lithium treatment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because anaphylaxis, seizures, and pulmonary edema are not typically associated side effects of lithium administration.