Nursing Elites

1. A parent asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis was improving. What would be the nurse's best response?

• A. Blood pressure will stabilize.
• B. Your child will have more energy.
• C. Urine will be free of protein.
• D. Urine output will increase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Increased urine output is often the first sign that acute glomerulonephritis is improving, as it indicates a reduction in fluid retention and better kidney function. Stabilization of blood pressure and other symptoms typically follow.

2. The nurse observes that a newborn is having problems after birth. What should indicate a tracheoesophageal fistula?

• A. Jitteriness
• B. Meconium ileus
• C. Excessive frothy saliva
• D. Increased need for sleep

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Excessive frothy saliva is a hallmark sign of tracheoesophageal fistula. The abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea causes difficulty in swallowing, leading to an accumulation of saliva in the mouth. This symptom is crucial for early identification and management of tracheoesophageal fistula. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not specific indicators of tracheoesophageal fistula.

3. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 9-month-old infant during a well-baby visit. Which topic would be most appropriate?

• A. Cautioning about putting the infant in a walker
• B. Advising how to create a toddler-safe home
• C. Instructing on safety procedures during baths
• D. Warning about leaving small objects on the floor

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because at 9 months, infants become more mobile, increasing the risk of choking hazards from small objects left on the floor. Cautioning about putting the infant in a walker (Choice A) is not as crucial at this age as warning about choking hazards. While advising how to create a toddler-safe home (Choice B) is essential, the most critical concern at 9 months is small objects. Instructing on safety procedures during baths (Choice C) is important but does not address the immediate risk of choking hazards associated with small objects.

4. What interventions should be implemented to maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks?

• A. Avoid cleaning the skin
• B. Bathe the infant with sterile water
• C. Cleanse the skin with a gentle alkaline-based soap and water
• D. Thoroughly rinse the skin with plain water after bathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct intervention to maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks is to bathe the infant with sterile water. Bathing with sterile water or a neutral pH solution is recommended to protect the delicate skin of preterm infants, which is more permeable and prone to damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as avoiding cleaning the skin may lead to hygiene issues, cleansing with alkaline-based soap can be harsh on the delicate skin, and thoroughly rinsing with plain water after bathing may not be as gentle and protective for preterm infants.

5. Which disease requires strict isolation due to its mode of transmission?

• A. Mumps
• B. Chickenpox
• C. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
• D. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Chickenpox (choice B). Chickenpox is highly communicable and requires strict isolation to prevent the spread of the virus through direct contact, droplet transmission, and contaminated objects. Mumps (choice A) is also contagious but does not typically require strict isolation. Exanthema subitum (roseola) (choice C) and Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) (choice D) are not as highly contagious as chickenpox and do not necessitate strict isolation.

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