Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is reviewing the lab results of a client who has been experiencing a fever for 3 days. What finding indicates fluid volume deficit (FVD)?

• A. Decreased hematocrit
• B. Increased white blood cell count
• C. Increased hematocrit
• D. Decreased white blood cell count

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Increased hematocrit indicates hemoconcentration, which is a sign of fluid volume deficit. In FVD, there is a loss of fluid without a proportional loss of electrolytes, leading to hemoconcentration. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Decreased hematocrit and decreased white blood cell count are not typical findings in fluid volume deficit. An increased white blood cell count is more indicative of infection or inflammation rather than fluid volume deficit.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who reports a decrease in the effectiveness of their pain medication. What factor should the nurse identify as contributing to this decrease?

• A. History of frequent alcohol use
• B. Decreased physical activity
• C. Bowel inflammation
• D. History of opioid use

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bowel inflammation. Bowel inflammation can interfere with the absorption of medications, including pain medication, leading to decreased effectiveness. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because although they can impact pain management in various ways, they are not directly related to the decreased effectiveness of pain medication due to absorption issues.

3. A client with an indwelling urinary catheter is being cared for by a nurse. What finding indicates a catheter occlusion?

• A. Bladder distention
• B. Frequent urination
• C. Hematuria
• D. Burning sensation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bladder distention is the correct answer as it indicates that the catheter is not draining properly, which is a sign of occlusion. Frequent urination, hematuria, and burning sensation are not indicative of a catheter occlusion. Frequent urination may suggest a bladder that is not fully emptying, hematuria indicates blood in the urine, and a burning sensation can be a sign of a urinary tract infection, none of which directly relate to a catheter occlusion.

4. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a client. What is the appropriate site for the injection to avoid injury?

• A. Deltoid
• B. Ventrogluteal
• C. Rectus femoris
• D. Dorsogluteal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is the preferred site for intramuscular injections to avoid injury to nerves or blood vessels. The deltoid site is commonly used for vaccines but has a higher risk of hitting the radial nerve. The rectus femoris site is not typically recommended for intramuscular injections. The dorsogluteal site is contraindicated due to the proximity to the sciatic nerve and major blood vessels.

5. A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Cut toenails straight across
• B. Wear shoes at all times
• C. Apply lotion between the toes
• D. Soak feet in hot water daily

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Wear shoes at all times.' This instruction is crucial for preventing foot injuries in clients with diabetes mellitus. Wearing shoes protects the feet from potential injuries and reduces the risk of developing foot ulcers. Cutting toenails straight across (not in a rounded shape) helps prevent ingrown toenails. Applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Soaking feet in hot water daily can lead to dry skin and potentially cause burns, which is not recommended for individuals with diabetes.

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