Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is reviewing a client's medical history and identifies an increased risk for infections. What risk factor should the healthcare professional include?

• A. Frequent handwashing
• B. Increased mobility
• C. High blood pressure
• D. Chronic conditions

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic conditions. Chronic conditions, such as diabetes or immune suppression, can compromise the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Frequent handwashing (Choice A) is actually a protective measure against infections. Increased mobility (Choice B) and high blood pressure (Choice C) are not directly associated with an increased risk for infections.

2. A nurse is planning to administer multiple medications to a client with dysphagia. What action should the nurse take?

• A. Crush medications and mix them with honey
• B. Provide medications through a straw
• C. Place the medications in small amounts of pudding
• D. Offer the medications with a full glass of water

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medications to a client with dysphagia is to place the medications in small amounts of pudding. Mixing medications with pudding helps clients with dysphagia swallow them more easily. Choice A (crushing medications and mixing with honey) is not recommended as it may alter the medication properties. Choice B (providing medications through a straw) is not suitable for clients with dysphagia as it can pose a choking hazard. Choice D (offering medications with a full glass of water) may be difficult for clients with dysphagia to swallow and increase the risk of aspiration.

3. A client expresses anxiety about an upcoming surgery. What should the nurse do?

• A. Administer a sedative
• B. Ask the client to describe their feelings
• C. Call the surgeon to address the anxiety
• D. Provide information on post-op care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a client expresses anxiety, it is essential for the nurse to encourage the client to verbalize their feelings. This helps the client express concerns, fears, and uncertainties, enabling the nurse to provide appropriate emotional support. Administering a sedative (Choice A) should not be the initial response as it does not address the underlying emotional needs of the client. Calling the surgeon to address anxiety (Choice C) may not be within the nurse's scope of practice and may not directly address the client's emotional needs. Providing information on post-op care (Choice D) is important but not the priority when the client is experiencing anxiety preoperatively.

4. A nurse is teaching a client about ways to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after surgery. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Rest in bed for long periods
• B. Use sequential compression devices
• C. Avoid leg exercises
• D. Keep legs crossed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Use sequential compression devices.' Sequential compression devices help prevent DVT by promoting venous return, reducing stasis in the veins, and preventing blood clot formation. Resting in bed for long periods (Choice A) can actually increase the risk of DVT due to decreased mobility. Avoiding leg exercises (Choice C) is also not recommended as mobilization and exercises can help prevent blood clots. Keeping legs crossed (Choice D) can impede blood flow and is not advisable in reducing the risk of DVT.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing surgery for a hip fracture. What is a priority intervention to reduce the risk of postoperative complications?

• A. Encourage early ambulation
• B. Provide intravenous antibiotics
• C. Apply anti-embolism stockings
• D. Place a Foley catheter to monitor output

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging early ambulation is crucial in reducing the risk of postoperative complications, such as blood clots and pneumonia. Early mobilization helps prevent complications like deep vein thrombosis and pneumonia by promoting circulation and preventing respiratory complications. Providing intravenous antibiotics (Choice B) is important for preventing infections but is not the priority immediately post-surgery. Applying anti-embolism stockings (Choice C) is beneficial in preventing venous thromboembolism but does not address the immediate need for mobility. Placing a Foley catheter (Choice D) may be necessary during surgery but is not a priority intervention to reduce postoperative complications related to immobility.

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