Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is providing information about tuberculosis to a group of clients at a local community center. Which of the following manifestations should the professional NOT include in the teaching?

• A. Persistent cough
• B. Weight gain
• C. Fatigue
• D. Night sweats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Weight gain is not a typical manifestation of tuberculosis. The characteristic symptoms of tuberculosis include a persistent cough, fatigue, and night sweats. Weight loss, not weight gain, is a common symptom associated with tuberculosis due to the impact of the infection on the body's metabolism. Therefore, the healthcare professional should exclude weight gain from the teaching on tuberculosis manifestations.

2. When a family of an accident victim, who has been declared brain-dead, appears open to organ donation, what should the nurse do?

• A. Discourage them from deciding until their grief has eased
• B. Listen to their concerns and answer their questions truthfully
• C. Urge them to immediately sign the consent form
• D. Inform them that the body will not be available for a wake or funeral

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In situations involving potential organ donation, the nurse's role is to provide support, listen to the family's concerns, and answer their questions truthfully. By doing so, the nurse can help facilitate an informed and respectful decision-making process for the grieving family.

3. When caring for a client who speaks a language different from their own, what action should the nurse take?

• A. Request an interpreter of a different sex from the client.
• B. Request a family member or friend to interpret information for the client.
• C. Direct attention toward the interpreter when speaking to the client.
• D. Review the facility policy about the use of an interpreter.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When caring for a client who speaks a different language, it is essential for the nurse to review the facility policy about the use of an interpreter. Using a professional interpreter ensures accurate communication and protects the client's confidentiality. Requesting an interpreter of a specific sex or relying on family members or friends can lead to miscommunication or breaches of confidentiality. Directing attention towards the interpreter helps facilitate communication but does not address the need for a professional interpreter as per facility policy.

4. Mrs. Mitchell has been given a copy of her diet. The nurse discusses the foods allowed on a 500-mg low sodium diet. These include:

• A. A ham and Swiss cheese sandwich on whole wheat bread
• B. Mashed potatoes and broiled chicken
• C. A tossed salad with oil and vinegar and olives
• D. Chicken bouillon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mashed potatoes and broiled chicken. Both mashed potatoes and broiled chicken are typically low in sodium content, making them suitable choices for a 500-mg low sodium diet. The other options, such as a ham and Swiss cheese sandwich on whole wheat bread, a tossed salad with oil and vinegar and olives, and chicken bouillon, may contain higher amounts of sodium and are not typically recommended for a low sodium diet.

5. What is the most common psychogenic disorder among elderly individuals?

• A. Depression
• B. Sleep disturbances (e.g., bizarre dreams)
• C. Inability to concentrate
• D. Decreased appetite

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Depression is the most common psychogenic disorder among elderly individuals. It can manifest as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. Elderly individuals may also experience changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating. Detecting and addressing depression in the elderly is crucial for their overall well-being and quality of life.

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