Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What instruction should the nurse include to help improve oxygenation?

• A. Avoid physical activity
• B. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
• C. Limit sun exposure
• D. Perform weight-bearing exercises

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during activities.' Pursed-lip breathing improves oxygenation by keeping airways open longer, facilitating better exhalation of carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding physical activity can lead to deconditioning and worsen oxygenation. Choice C is irrelevant to improving oxygenation in COPD. Choice D is not directly related to improving oxygenation in COPD; weight-bearing exercises are important for bone health but not for oxygenation.

2. A client has a new prescription for a cane. What instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Hold the cane on the weaker side
• B. Ensure the cane has a rubber tip
• C. Keep the cane on the dominant side
• D. Use the cane only on stairs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure the cane has a rubber tip.' This instruction is essential for safety as the rubber tip prevents slipping, providing stability. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be held on the stronger side to provide better support and balance. Choice C is incorrect as the cane should be used on the stronger, more dominant side. Choice D is also incorrect as a cane is not only used on stairs but also for general support and mobility.

3. A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain and redness at the site of a peripheral IV. What should the nurse do first?

• A. Apply a cold compress to the site
• B. Discontinue the IV line
• C. Notify the provider
• D. Increase the IV flow rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a client reports pain and redness at the site of a peripheral IV, indicating signs of phlebitis, the nurse's initial action should be to discontinue the IV line. This helps prevent further complications and ensures patient safety. Applying a cold compress (Choice A) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue. Notifying the provider (Choice C) is important but not the initial step. Increasing the IV flow rate (Choice D) can exacerbate the inflammation and should be avoided.

4. A nurse is updating a plan of care for a client who has dysphagia. What intervention should the nurse include?

• A. Encourage the client to lie down after eating
• B. Offer the client liquids with meals
• C. Have the client sit upright for 1 hour after meals
• D. Provide the client with a straw for drinking

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with dysphagia is to have them sit upright for 1 hour after meals. This position helps facilitate swallowing and reduces the risk of aspiration, which is crucial in managing dysphagia. Encouraging the client to lie down after eating (Choice A) can increase the risk of aspiration. Offering liquids with meals (Choice B) may also increase the risk of aspiration as it can affect swallowing coordination. Providing the client with a straw for drinking (Choice D) is not recommended as straws can increase the risk of aspiration in individuals with dysphagia.

5. A nurse is performing a focused assessment on a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What finding should the nurse expect?

• A. Increased breath sounds
• B. Flushed skin
• C. Nasal flaring
• D. Decreased respiratory rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flushed skin. Flushed skin is a common finding in clients with COPD who are experiencing dyspnea. Increased breath sounds (choice A) are not typically associated with COPD; they may indicate conditions like pneumonia. Nasal flaring (choice C) is more commonly seen in respiratory distress in pediatric patients. Decreased respiratory rate (choice D) is not a typical finding in COPD and could indicate respiratory depression.

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