Nursing Elites

1. A client is diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement? Select one that does not apply.

• A. Encourage the client to express their feelings
• B. Teach the client relaxation techniques
• C. Promote regular physical activity
• D. Encourage the use of caffeine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Interventions for a client with GAD should include encouraging the client to express their feelings, teaching relaxation techniques, and promoting regular physical activity. Caffeine should be avoided as it can exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Stimulants like caffeine can increase feelings of restlessness and nervousness, making it counterproductive in managing anxiety. Choices A, B, and C are appropriate interventions for managing generalized anxiety disorder by promoting emotional expression, relaxation, and physical well-being, respectively. Choice D, encouraging the use of caffeine, is incorrect as it can worsen anxiety symptoms rather than alleviate them.

2. Substance abuse is often present in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Laura, a 28-year-old with a bipolar disorder diagnosis, chooses to drink alcohol instead of taking her prescribed medications. The nurse caring for this patient recognizes that:

• A. Anxiety may be present.
• B. Alcohol ingestion is a form of self-medication.
• C. The patient is lacking a sufficient number of neurotransmitters.
• D. The patient is using alcohol as a coping mechanism.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Individuals with bipolar disorder may turn to alcohol as a form of self-medication to cope with their symptoms. This behavior is often seen as an attempt to manage mood swings and alleviate distress. It is important for healthcare providers to address and manage substance abuse issues in patients with bipolar disorder to ensure proper treatment and overall well-being.

3. Which of the following are symptoms of a panic attack? Select one that does not apply.

• A. Chest pain
• B. Normal breathing
• C. Dizziness
• D. Hot flashes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Symptoms of a panic attack can include chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, and hot flashes. Normal breathing is not a symptom of a panic attack; instead, individuals experiencing a panic attack may often exhibit rapid or shallow breathing patterns. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are typical symptoms associated with panic attacks, making them incorrect answers.

4. Which intervention focuses on managing a common characteristic of major depressive disorder associated with the older population?

• A. Conducting routine suicide screenings at a senior center.
• B. Identifying depression as a natural, but treatable outcome of aging.
• C. Identifying males as at a greater risk for developing depression.
• D. Stressing that most individuals experience only a single episode of major depression in a lifetime.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Conducting routine suicide screenings at senior centers is crucial in managing major depressive disorder in the older population. Screening helps identify individuals at risk, allows for timely intervention, and contributes to the overall well-being of older adults.

5. Which client action is an example of the defense mechanism of sublimation?

• A. A woman channels her energy into a new hobby after a breakup.
• B. A man redirects his anger from work into a workout routine.
• C. A student focuses on studying to avoid thinking about a recent argument.
• D. An athlete channels competitive impulses into a successful sports career.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sublimation is a defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are redirected into socially acceptable activities. In this scenario, the man redirects his anger from work into a workout routine, which is a positive and constructive way of managing his emotions. Choices A, C, and D do not fully align with sublimation as they do not involve redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable outlets, unlike the man's action in choice B.

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