Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. What food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Steamed carrots
• B. Mashed potatoes
• C. Orange slices
• D. Soft-cooked eggs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Orange slices. For a client on a mechanical soft diet, foods that are difficult to chew and swallow should be avoided. Orange slices have membranes that can be challenging to consume for individuals with swallowing difficulties. Steamed carrots (Choice A) and mashed potatoes (Choice B) are typically suitable for a mechanical soft diet as they can be easily mashed or cut into smaller pieces. Soft-cooked eggs (Choice D) are also appropriate for this diet as they are soft and easy to chew.

2. While assessing the IV infusion site of a client experiencing pain, redness, and warmth, what should the nurse do?

• A. Increase the IV flow rate
• B. Discontinue the infusion
• C. Elevate the limb
• D. Apply a cold compress

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the infusion. Pain, redness, and warmth at the IV site are signs of phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. Continuing the infusion can further irritate the vein and lead to complications. Increasing the IV flow rate would exacerbate the issue by delivering more irritants to the vein. Elevating the limb and applying a cold compress are not the appropriate interventions for phlebitis, as discontinuing the infusion is crucial to prevent further harm.

3. A client with an indwelling urinary catheter is being cared for by a nurse. What finding indicates a catheter occlusion?

• A. Bladder distention
• B. Frequent urination
• C. Hematuria
• D. Burning sensation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bladder distention is the correct answer as it indicates that the catheter is not draining properly, which is a sign of occlusion. Frequent urination, hematuria, and burning sensation are not indicative of a catheter occlusion. Frequent urination may suggest a bladder that is not fully emptying, hematuria indicates blood in the urine, and a burning sensation can be a sign of a urinary tract infection, none of which directly relate to a catheter occlusion.

4. A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving discharge instructions about foot care from a nurse. Which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will soak my feet in hot water daily
• B. I will wear shoes at all times
• C. I will cut my toenails in a rounded shape
• D. I will apply lotion between my toes after bathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I will wear shoes at all times.' This statement demonstrates an understanding of foot care for a client with diabetes. Wearing shoes at all times helps protect the feet, reducing the risk of injury and complications such as wounds or infections. Option A is incorrect because soaking feet in hot water can lead to skin dryness and increase the risk of burns or injury for individuals with diabetes. Option C is incorrect as cutting toenails in a rounded shape can cause ingrown toenails and potential infections. Option D is also incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. What behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?

• A. Increased physical activity
• B. Frequent urge suppression
• C. Adequate sleep
• D. Increased fluid intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Frequent urge suppression can lead to constipation, especially postoperatively. Suppressing the urge to defecate can disrupt the normal bowel movement pattern and lead to constipation. Choices A, C, and D are behaviors that generally help prevent constipation rather than increase the risk. Increased physical activity, adequate sleep, and increased fluid intake promote bowel regularity and reduce the risk of constipation.

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