Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. What food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Steamed carrots
• B. Mashed potatoes
• C. Orange slices
• D. Soft-cooked eggs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Orange slices. For a client on a mechanical soft diet, foods that are difficult to chew and swallow should be avoided. Orange slices have membranes that can be challenging to consume for individuals with swallowing difficulties. Steamed carrots (Choice A) and mashed potatoes (Choice B) are typically suitable for a mechanical soft diet as they can be easily mashed or cut into smaller pieces. Soft-cooked eggs (Choice D) are also appropriate for this diet as they are soft and easy to chew.

2. A nurse receives a report from assistive personnel that a client's BP is 160/95. What should the nurse do first?

• A. Notify the provider
• B. Recheck the blood pressure
• C. Administer antihypertensive medication
• D. Document the blood pressure in the chart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take when receiving a report of a client's blood pressure reading of 160/95 is to recheck the blood pressure. Rechecking the blood pressure ensures the accuracy of the reading before making any further decisions or interventions. Notifying the provider (Choice A) can be considered after confirming the blood pressure reading. Administering antihypertensive medication (Choice C) should not be done based solely on one reading without verification. Documenting the blood pressure in the chart (Choice D) should also come after confirming the accuracy of the reading to avoid recording incorrect information.

3. A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care by a nurse. What statement indicates understanding?

• A. I will soak my feet in hot water every day
• B. I will wear cotton socks at all times
• C. I will cut my toenails in a rounded shape
• D. I will apply lotion between my toes after bathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Wearing cotton socks is essential for clients with diabetes as it helps protect the feet and reduces the risk of skin breakdown. Choice A is incorrect because soaking feet in hot water can lead to burns or skin damage. Choice C is incorrect as clients with diabetes should cut their toenails straight across to prevent ingrown toenails. Choice D is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment that may increase the risk of fungal infections.

4. A nurse is preparing to perform a focused respiratory assessment on a client with COPD. What is an expected finding?

• A. Normal respiratory rate
• B. Nasal flaring
• C. Decreased breath sounds
• D. Increased breath sounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nasal flaring is an expected finding in clients with COPD who are experiencing respiratory distress. Nasal flaring is a sign of increased work of breathing and respiratory distress, commonly seen in clients with COPD exacerbation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A normal respiratory rate would not be an expected finding in a client with COPD, as they often have an increased respiratory rate. Decreased breath sounds could indicate diminished airflow but are not typically a common finding in COPD. Increased breath sounds are not typical in COPD and could indicate other conditions like pneumonia.

5. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is receiving discharge teaching. What should the nurse emphasize regarding lifestyle changes?

• A. Limit sodium intake to 2 grams per day
• B. Increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day
• C. Avoid potassium-rich foods
• D. Avoid alcohol consumption

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day. Adequate fluid intake helps manage hypertension and prevent fluid retention. Limiting sodium intake, avoiding potassium-rich foods, and abstaining from alcohol are important aspects of managing hypertension; however, in this scenario, emphasizing the increase in fluid intake is crucial for the client's understanding and compliance.

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