Nursing Elites

1. A community health nurse is providing an educational session on childhood poisoning at a local school. What should the nurse advise as the first action if poisoning occurs?

• A. Call the poison control center
• B. Bring the child to the emergency department (ED)
• C. Induce vomiting
• D. Call an ambulance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the event of poisoning, the recommended first action is to call the poison control center. Poison control specialists can provide immediate guidance on how to manage the situation effectively. Bringing the child to the emergency department (Choice B) may be necessary depending on the severity of the poisoning, but contacting poison control first is crucial for appropriate and timely intervention. Inducing vomiting (Choice C) is not advised in all cases of poisoning and should only be done under the guidance of healthcare professionals. Calling an ambulance (Choice D) may be necessary in some severe cases, but the initial step should be to contact poison control for expert advice.

2. What should be done to ensure safety during the transfer of a patient with limited mobility?

• A. Have the patient use a gait belt for support.
• B. Encourage the patient to hold onto a walker.
• C. Lock the wheels on the bed and wheelchair.
• D. Ask the patient to transfer independently.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to lock the wheels on the bed and wheelchair. This action helps prevent accidents by stabilizing the equipment during the transfer process. Having the patient use a gait belt for support (choice A) can be helpful but is not directly related to equipment safety. Encouraging the patient to hold onto a walker (choice B) is beneficial for ambulation but does not address the safety of equipment. Asking the patient to transfer independently (choice D) can pose risks, especially for a patient with limited mobility, and may not ensure safety during the transfer.

3. A nurse discovers a discrepancy in the narcotics log. What is the appropriate next step?

• A. Correct the log and notify the pharmacy.
• B. Report the discrepancy to the nurse manager.
• C. Re-administer the narcotic.
• D. Dispose of the narcotic and note the discrepancy.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a nurse discovers a discrepancy in the narcotics log, the appropriate next step is to report the discrepancy to the nurse manager. This is important to ensure that the issue is properly investigated and addressed. Choice A is incorrect because simply correcting the log and notifying the pharmacy may not address the root cause of the discrepancy. Choice C is incorrect as re-administering the narcotic without clarification could lead to potential harm or legal issues. Choice D is incorrect as disposing of the narcotic without following proper protocols and documentation could result in further complications.

4. A patient has a DNR (do-not-resuscitate) order but their family insists on resuscitation if necessary. What should the nurse do?

• A. Follow the family's wishes to resuscitate.
• B. Explain that the nurse must follow the DNR order.
• C. Ask the provider for clarification on the DNR.
• D. Call the ethics committee to discuss the situation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The nurse must follow the legal DNR order, even if the family insists on resuscitation. Respecting the patient's wishes is crucial in providing ethical care. Choice A is incorrect because the nurse should prioritize the patient's documented wishes over the family's requests. Choice C may cause unnecessary delays in care as the DNR order is a legal document. Choice D is not the initial action to take in this situation; the nurse should first address the conflict between the family's wishes and the patient's DNR order.

5. A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about the DASH diet. What is the most important instruction to include?

• A. Increase the patient's intake of fruits and vegetables.
• B. Limit the patient's intake of saturated fats.
• C. Encourage the patient to reduce sodium intake.
• D. Recommend the patient avoid caffeine.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the patient to reduce sodium intake. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet emphasizes reducing sodium intake to help manage hypertension. While increasing fruits and vegetables (Choice A) is important in the DASH diet, reducing sodium intake is considered more crucial. Limiting saturated fats (Choice B) is beneficial but not as critical as reducing sodium. Avoiding caffeine (Choice D) is not a specific recommendation of the DASH diet for managing hypertension.

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