Nursing Elites

1. During a client's first hospitalization, which of the following actions ensures the safety of the client?

• A. Keep unnecessary furniture out of the way
• B. Keep the lights on at all times
• C. Keep side rails up at all times
• D. Keep all equipment out of view

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During a client's first hospitalization, it is essential to keep unnecessary furniture out of the way to prevent obstacles and ensure a safe environment. This action helps reduce the risk of accidents or falls, promoting the client's safety and well-being. Keeping the lights on at all times may not be necessary and can disrupt the client's rest. Keeping side rails up at all times can restrict the client's movement and independence unnecessarily. Keeping all equipment out of view may hinder the healthcare team's ability to monitor and access necessary tools for providing care.

2. What is the transparent membrane that focuses the light entering the eyes onto the retina?

• A. Lens
• B. Sclera
• C. Cornea
• D. Pupils

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the lens. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye that helps to focus light onto the retina, which is essential for clear vision. The cornea and sclera are also important parts of the eye, but the lens specifically plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina. The sclera is the white outer layer of the eye that helps maintain the shape of the eye, while the cornea is the clear outer covering of the eye that helps to refract light into the eye.

3. After 5 days of diuretic therapy with 20mg of furosemide (Lasix) daily, a patient begins to exhibit fatigue, muscle cramping, and muscle weakness. These symptoms probably indicate that the patient is experiencing:

• A. Hypokalemia
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Anorexia
• D. Dysphagia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The symptoms of fatigue, muscle cramping, and muscle weakness in a patient after starting furosemide therapy are indicative of hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium depletion, causing hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can manifest with muscle weakness, cramps, and fatigue due to alterations in neuromuscular function and decreased ATP production.

4. A healthcare professional is providing information about tuberculosis to a group of clients at a local community center. Which of the following manifestations should the professional NOT include in the teaching?

• A. Persistent cough
• B. Weight gain
• C. Fatigue
• D. Night sweats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Weight gain is not a typical manifestation of tuberculosis. The characteristic symptoms of tuberculosis include a persistent cough, fatigue, and night sweats. Weight loss, not weight gain, is a common symptom associated with tuberculosis due to the impact of the infection on the body's metabolism. Therefore, the healthcare professional should exclude weight gain from the teaching on tuberculosis manifestations.

5. Which of the following actions should be taken to use a wide base support when assisting a client to get up in a chair?

• A. Bend at the waist and place arms under the client’s arms and lift
• B. Face the client, bend knees, and place hands on the client’s forearm and lift
• C. Spread the feet apart
• D. Tighten the pelvic muscles

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Spread the feet apart. When assisting a client to get up in a chair, it is crucial to use a wide base of support to maintain stability and prevent injuries. Spreading the feet apart provides a broader base, increasing balance and support for both the client and the caregiver. This position helps distribute the weight evenly and allows for better control when assisting the client in moving. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because bending at the waist, placing arms under the client's arms, tightening pelvic muscles, or placing hands on the client's forearm do not provide the necessary wide base support needed for stability and safety during the transfer process.

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