one day after a patient is admitted to the medical unit you note that the patient is oliguric you notify the acutecare nurse practitioner who orders

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. . One day after a patient is admitted to the medical unit, you note that the patient is oliguric. You notify the acutecare nurse practitioner who orders a fluid challenge of 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. This intervention will achieve which of the following?

A. Help distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
B. Help evaluate pituitary gland function
C. Help distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function
D. Help provide an effective treatment for hypertension-induced oliguria

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

2. . A 73-year-old man comes into the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home. The patient fell on his hip with a resultant fracture. He is alert and oriented; his pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodation. His heart rate is elevated, he is anxious and thirsty, a Foley catheter is placed, and 40 mL of urine is present. What is the nurses most likely explanation for the low urine output?

A. The man urinated prior to his arrival to the ED and will probably not need to have the Foley catheter kept in place.
B. The man likely has a traumatic brain injury, lacks antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and needs vasopressin.
C. The man is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is releasing atrial natriuretic peptide that results in decreased urine output.
D. The man is having a sympathetic reaction, which has stimulated the reninangiotensinaldosterone system that results in diminished urine output.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. A nurse is assessing a client who has an electrolyte imbalance related to renal failure. For which potential complications of this electrolyte imbalance should the nurse assess? (Select all that do mot apply.)

A. Electrocardiogram changes
B. Slow, shallow respirations
C. Paralytic ileus
D. Skeletal muscle weakness

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

4. The physician has ordered a peripheral IV to be inserted before the patient goes for computed tomography. What should the nurse do when selecting a site on the hand or arm for insertion of an IV catheter?

A. Choose a hairless site if available.
B. Consider potential effects on the patients mobility when selecting a site.
C. Have the patient briefly hold his arm over his head before insertion
D. Leave the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

5. Which hormone reduces the amount of water in the body?

A. ADH
B. aldosterone
C. ANH
D. ADH and aldosterone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'aldosterone.' Aldosterone is the hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water from the kidney tubules. ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) actually works to increase the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys, leading to a reduction in blood volume and pressure. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) works to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys, thereby increasing blood volume. Therefore, choices A (ADH) and D (ADH and aldosterone) are incorrect in the context of reducing the amount of water in the body.